Coenzyme Q10: A Ubiquitous Supplemental Enzyme Contributing to the Health
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
Nov 29, 2023
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an endogenous molecule that is ubiquitously found throughout the cellular composition of the human organism. The aforementioned substance plays a crucial function in the production of energy and serves as a potent antioxidant, safeguarding cells against harm induced by free radicals. As individuals progress in age, there is a tendency for the amounts of CoQ10 in their bodies to diminish, resulting in a range of health consequences. Research has indicated that the addition of CoQ10 through supplementation can yield a multitude of advantageous outcomes. Research has demonstrated that it can enhance energy production in cardiac cells and mitigate oxidative stress, so contributing to the improvement of heart health. Furthermore, CoQ10 has demonstrated potential in the management of several illnesses such as hypertension, migraines, and fibromyalgia, attributed to its capacity to enhance mitochondrial activity and alleviate inflammation. Moreover, existing research indicates that the utilization of this particular coenzyme may potentially enhance fertility through the improvement of sperm quality, as well as contribute to the maintenance of good skin by facilitating collagen synthesis. Notwithstanding these possible advantages, it is essential to get guidance from a healthcare practitioner prior to commencing any supplementation protocol due to the potential variability of individual requirements.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
CoQ10, Adenosine Triphosphate, Aging, Oxidants, Protection
References
1. Saini R. Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2011; 3(3):466-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.84471
2. Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Limia-Perez L, Romero-Cabrera JL, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q10 supple-mentation for the reduction of oxidative stress: Clinical implications in the treatment of chronic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(21):7870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217870
3. Zozina VI, Covantev S, Goroshko OA, Krasnykh LM, Kukes VG. Coenzyme Q10 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: Current state of the problem. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14(3):164-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180416115428
4. Alf D, Schmidt ME, Siebrecht SC. Ubiquinol sup-plementation enhances peak power production in trained athletes: A double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-10-24
5. Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Uytterhoeven M, Vrydags N, Bosmans E. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syn-drome (ME/CFS) is related to fatigue, autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms and is another risk factor explaining the early mortality in ME/CFS due to cardiovascular disorder. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2009; 30(4):470-476.
6. Alahmar AT, Calogero AE, Singh R, Cannarella R, Sengupta P, Dutta S. Coenzyme Q10, oxidative stress, and male infertility: A review. Clin Exp Re-prod Med 2021; 48(2):97-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2020.04175
7. Florou P, Anagnostis P, Theocharis P, Chourdakis M, Goulis DG. Does coenzyme Q10 supplementation improve fertility outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures? A systematic review and meta-analysis of random-ized-controlled trials. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020; 37(10):2377-2387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-020-01906-3
8. Spindler M, Beal MF, Henchcliffe C. Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurodegenerative disease. Neuropsy-chiatr Dis Treat 2009; 5:597-610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s5212
9. Manzar H, Abdulhussein D, Yap TE, Cordeiro MF. Cellular consequences of coenzyme Q10 deficiency in neurodegeneration of the retina and brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(23):9299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239299
10. Stefely JA, Pagliarini DJ. Biochemistry of mito-chondrial coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Trends Bio-chem Sci 2017; 42(10):824-843. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2017.06.008
11. Pravst I, Rodríguez Aguilera JC, Cortes Rodriguez AB, Jazbar J, Locatelli I, Hristov H, Žmitek K. Comparative bioavailability of different coenzyme Q10 formulations in healthy elderly individuals. Nutrients 2020; 12(3):784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030784
12. Barcelos IP, Haas RH. CoQ10 and aging. Biology (Basel) 2019; 8(2):28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8020028
13. Martelli A, Testai L, Colletti A, Cicero AFG. Co-enzyme Q10: Clinical applications in cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9(4):341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040341
14. Soleimani Damaneh M, Fatahi S, Aryaeian N, Bavi Behbahani H. The effect of coenzyme Q10 sup-plementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11(9):4912-4925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3478
15. Abed Al-Kareem Z, Aziz ND, Ali Zghair M. Hepa-toprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 in rats with diclofenac toxicity. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77(2):599-605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22092/ARI.2022.357210.1998
16. Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A, Seleznev VV, Deryugina AV. Royal jelly plus coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves high-intensity interval exercise perfor-mance via changes in plasmatic and salivary bi-omarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in swimmers: A randomized, double-blind, place-bo-controlled pilot trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19(1):239-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2086015
17. Hargreaves I, Heaton RA, Mantle D. Disorders of human coenzyme Q10 metabolism: An overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(18):6695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186695
18. Kumar A, Kaur H, Devi P, Mohan V. Role of co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in cardiac disease, hyper-tension and Meniere-like syndrome. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 124(3):259-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.003
19. Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10, ageing and the nervous system: An overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11(1):2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010002
20. Zaleski AL, Taylor BA, Thompson PD. Coenzyme Q10 as treatment for statin-associated muscle symptoms-A good idea, but…. Adv Nutr 2018; 9(4):519S-523S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy010
21. Deichmann R, Lavie C, Andrews S. Coenzyme q10 and statin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Ochsner J 2010; 10(1):16-21.
22. Al-Bazi MM, Elshal MF, Khoja SM. Reduced co-enzyme Q(10) in female smokers and its associa-tion with lipid profile in a young healthy adult pop-ulation. Arch Med Sci. 2011; 7(6):948-954. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2011.26605
23. Hernández-Camacho JD, Bernier M, López-Lluch G, Navas P. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in aging and disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00044
24. Molyneux SL, Young JM, Florkowski CM, Lever M, George PM. Coenzyme Q10: Is there a clinical role and a case for measurement? Clin Biochem Rev 2008; 29(2):71-82.
25. Testai L, Martelli A, Flori L, Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Coenzyme Q10: Clinical applications beyond car-diovascular diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13(5):1697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051697
26. Judge A, Dodd MS. Metabolism. Essays Biochem 2020; 64(4):607-647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20190041
27. Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Llanos-González E, Alcain FJ. The use of coenzyme Q10 in cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10(5):755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050755
28. Jafari M, Mousavi SM, Asgharzadeh A, Yazdani N. Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of heart failure: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Indian Heart J 2018; 70 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S111-S117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.031
29. Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, González-García P, Dí-az-Casado ME, Barriocanal-Casado E, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, López LC. Metabolic targets of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondria. Antiox-idants (Basel) 2021; 10(4):520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040520
30. Shen Q, Pierce JD. Supplementation of coenzyme Q10 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Healthcare (Basel) 2015; 3(2):296-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3020296
31. Suárez-Rivero JM, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Povea-Cabello S, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Vil-lalón-García I, Munuera-Cabeza M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Talaverón-Rey M, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coen-zyme Q10 analogues: Benefits and challenges for therapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10(2):236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020236
32. Sifuentes-Franco S, Sánchez-Macías DC, Carril-lo-Ibarra S, Rivera-Valdés JJ, Zuñiga LY, Sánchez-López VA. Antioxidant and an-ti-inflammatory effects of coenzyme Q10 supple-mentation on infectious diseases. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10(3):487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030487
33. Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Suárez-Rivero JM, Povea-Cabello S, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Vil-lalón-García I, Munuera-Cabeza M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Talaverón-Rey M, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coen-zyme Q10: Novel formulations and medical trends. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(22):8432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228432
34. Linton MRF, Yancey PG, Davies SS, et al. The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. [Up-dated 2019 Jan 3]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343489/
35. Sanoobar M, Dehghan P, Khalili M, Azimi A, Seifar F. Coenzyme Q10 as a treatment for fatigue and de-pression in multiple sclerosis patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19(3):138-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000002
36. Fernández-Portero C, Amián JG, Bella R, López-Lluch G, Alarcón D. Coenzyme Q10 levels associated with cognitive functioning and executive function in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78(1):1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac152
37. Gabriel FC, Oliveira M, Bruna De M Martella, Berk M, Brietzke E, Jacka FN, Lafer B. Nutrition and bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26(7):637-651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2022.2077031
38. Maguire Á, Hargreaves A, Gill M. Coenzyme Q10 and neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders: Relevance for schizophrenia. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 23(10):756-769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2018.1556481
39. Maguire Á, Mooney C, Flynn G, Ferguson Y, O'Keane V, O'Rourke D, McMonagle T, Heaton R, Phillips S, Hargreaves I, Gill M, Hargreaves A. No effect of coenzyme Q10 on cognitive function, psychological symptoms, and health-related out-comes in schizophrenia and schizoaffective dis-order: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021;
41(1):53-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001330
40. Liu M, Zhu H, Hu X, Zhu Y, Chen H. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on glucose me-tabolism, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflam-mation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99(46):e23130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000023130
41. Liang Y, Zhao D, Ji Q, Liu M, Dai S, Hou S, Liu Z, Mao Y, Tian Z, Yang Y. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on glycemic control: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized con-trolled trials. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101602
42. Sabbatinelli J, Orlando P, Galeazzi R, Silvestri S, Cirilli I, Marcheggiani F, Dludla PV, Giuliani A, Bon-figli AR, Mazzanti L, Olivieri F, Antonicelli R, Tiano L. Ubiquinol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in subjects with mild-to-moderate dyslipidemia: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrients 2020; 12(4):1098. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041098
43. Ho MJ, Li EC, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 3(3):CD007435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007435.pub3
44. Zhang X, Shi Z, Liu Q, Quan H, Cheng X. Effects of coenzyme Q10 intervention on diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98(24):e15850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015850
45. Cooke M, Iosia M, Buford T, Shelmadine B, Hudson G, Kerksick C, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Leutholtz B, Willoughby D, Kreider R. Effects of acute and 14-day coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance in both trained and un-trained individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008; 5:8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-5-8
46. Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. Effectiveness of coenzyme q10 supplementation for reducing fatigue: A systematic review and me-ta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 13:883251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.883251
47. Castro-Marrero J, Segundo MJ, Lacasa M, Mar-tinez-Martinez A, Sentañes RS, Alegre-Martin J. Effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 plus nadh sup-plementation on fatigue perception and health-related quality of life in individuals with my-algic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, place-bo-controlled trial. Nutrients 2021; 13(8):2658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082658
48. Cirilli I, Damiani E, Dludla PV, Hargreaves I, Mar-cheggiani F, Millichap LE, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L. Role of coenzyme Q10 in health and dis-ease: An update on the last 10 years (2010-2020). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10(8):1325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081325
49. Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, Choub A, Siciliano G. Coenzyme Q10 and neurological dis-eases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2009; 2(3):134-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph203134
50. Finkbeiner S. Huntington's disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011; 3(6):a007476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007476
51. Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10 and immune function: An Overview. Antioxi-dants (Basel) 2021; 10(5):759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050759
52. Tian G, Sawashita J, Kubo H, Nishio SY, Hashimoto S, Suzuki N, Yoshimura H, Tsuruoka M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Luo H, Xu Z, Mori M, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Takeda T, Usami S, Higuchi K. Ubiquinol-10 supplementa-tion activates mitochondria functions to decelerate senescence in senescence-accelerated mice. An-tioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20(16):2606-2620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5406
53. Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N. Spotlight on Coenzyme Q10 in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease: Oxidative stress/PI3K/AKT/GSK 3ß/CREB/BDNF/TrKB. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75(8):1119-1129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgad048
54. Kabel AM, Elkhoely AA. Ameliorative effect of co-enzyme q10 and/or candesartan on car-boplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: Roles of apoptosis, transforming growth factor-β1, nuclear factor kap-pa-B and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18(6):1629-1636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.6.1629
55. Park HW, Park CG, Park M, Lee SH, Park HR, Lim J, Paek SH, Choy YB. Intrastriatal administration of coenzyme Q10 enhances neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1):9572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66493-w
56. Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Gar-cía-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Coenzyme Q10 and dementia: A systematic review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12(2):533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020533
57. Andrich J, Saft C, Gerlach M, Schneider B, Arz A, Kuhn W, Müller T. Coenzyme Q10 serum levels in Huntington’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 2004; 2004(68):111-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0579-5_13
58. Alahmar AT. Role of oxidative stress in male infer-tility: An updated review. J Hum Reprod Sci 2019; 12(1):4-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_150_18
59. Xu Y, Nisenblat V, Lu C, Li R, Qiao J, Zhen X, Wang S. Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: A randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16(1):29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0343-0
60. Zhang T, He Q, Xiu H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen Z, Hu H. Efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 supple-mentation in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30(4):1033-1048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-01038-2
61. Zhu F, Yin S, Yang B, Li S, Feng X, Wang T, Che D. TEAS, DHEA, CoQ10, and GH for poor ovarian response undergoing IVF-ET: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21(1):64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-023-01119-0
62. Zhang Y, Zhang C, Shu J, Guo J, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Sheng JZ, Huang H. Adjuvant treatment strategies in ovarian stimulation for poor responders undergoing IVF: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26(2):247-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz046
63. Alahmar AT. The ismpact of two doses of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2019; 46(3):112-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.00136
64. Ge B, Zhang Z, Zuo Z. Updates on the clinical evidenced herb-warfarin interactions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014; 2014:957362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/957362
65. PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board. Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. 2022 Jun 7. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65890/
2. Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Limia-Perez L, Romero-Cabrera JL, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q10 supple-mentation for the reduction of oxidative stress: Clinical implications in the treatment of chronic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(21):7870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217870
3. Zozina VI, Covantev S, Goroshko OA, Krasnykh LM, Kukes VG. Coenzyme Q10 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: Current state of the problem. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14(3):164-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X14666180416115428
4. Alf D, Schmidt ME, Siebrecht SC. Ubiquinol sup-plementation enhances peak power production in trained athletes: A double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-10-24
5. Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Uytterhoeven M, Vrydags N, Bosmans E. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syn-drome (ME/CFS) is related to fatigue, autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms and is another risk factor explaining the early mortality in ME/CFS due to cardiovascular disorder. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2009; 30(4):470-476.
6. Alahmar AT, Calogero AE, Singh R, Cannarella R, Sengupta P, Dutta S. Coenzyme Q10, oxidative stress, and male infertility: A review. Clin Exp Re-prod Med 2021; 48(2):97-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2020.04175
7. Florou P, Anagnostis P, Theocharis P, Chourdakis M, Goulis DG. Does coenzyme Q10 supplementation improve fertility outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures? A systematic review and meta-analysis of random-ized-controlled trials. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020; 37(10):2377-2387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-020-01906-3
8. Spindler M, Beal MF, Henchcliffe C. Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurodegenerative disease. Neuropsy-chiatr Dis Treat 2009; 5:597-610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s5212
9. Manzar H, Abdulhussein D, Yap TE, Cordeiro MF. Cellular consequences of coenzyme Q10 deficiency in neurodegeneration of the retina and brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(23):9299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239299
10. Stefely JA, Pagliarini DJ. Biochemistry of mito-chondrial coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Trends Bio-chem Sci 2017; 42(10):824-843. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2017.06.008
11. Pravst I, Rodríguez Aguilera JC, Cortes Rodriguez AB, Jazbar J, Locatelli I, Hristov H, Žmitek K. Comparative bioavailability of different coenzyme Q10 formulations in healthy elderly individuals. Nutrients 2020; 12(3):784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030784
12. Barcelos IP, Haas RH. CoQ10 and aging. Biology (Basel) 2019; 8(2):28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8020028
13. Martelli A, Testai L, Colletti A, Cicero AFG. Co-enzyme Q10: Clinical applications in cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9(4):341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040341
14. Soleimani Damaneh M, Fatahi S, Aryaeian N, Bavi Behbahani H. The effect of coenzyme Q10 sup-plementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11(9):4912-4925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3478
15. Abed Al-Kareem Z, Aziz ND, Ali Zghair M. Hepa-toprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 in rats with diclofenac toxicity. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77(2):599-605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22092/ARI.2022.357210.1998
16. Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A, Seleznev VV, Deryugina AV. Royal jelly plus coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves high-intensity interval exercise perfor-mance via changes in plasmatic and salivary bi-omarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in swimmers: A randomized, double-blind, place-bo-controlled pilot trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19(1):239-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2086015
17. Hargreaves I, Heaton RA, Mantle D. Disorders of human coenzyme Q10 metabolism: An overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(18):6695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186695
18. Kumar A, Kaur H, Devi P, Mohan V. Role of co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in cardiac disease, hyper-tension and Meniere-like syndrome. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 124(3):259-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.003
19. Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10, ageing and the nervous system: An overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11(1):2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010002
20. Zaleski AL, Taylor BA, Thompson PD. Coenzyme Q10 as treatment for statin-associated muscle symptoms-A good idea, but…. Adv Nutr 2018; 9(4):519S-523S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy010
21. Deichmann R, Lavie C, Andrews S. Coenzyme q10 and statin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Ochsner J 2010; 10(1):16-21.
22. Al-Bazi MM, Elshal MF, Khoja SM. Reduced co-enzyme Q(10) in female smokers and its associa-tion with lipid profile in a young healthy adult pop-ulation. Arch Med Sci. 2011; 7(6):948-954. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2011.26605
23. Hernández-Camacho JD, Bernier M, López-Lluch G, Navas P. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in aging and disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00044
24. Molyneux SL, Young JM, Florkowski CM, Lever M, George PM. Coenzyme Q10: Is there a clinical role and a case for measurement? Clin Biochem Rev 2008; 29(2):71-82.
25. Testai L, Martelli A, Flori L, Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Coenzyme Q10: Clinical applications beyond car-diovascular diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13(5):1697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051697
26. Judge A, Dodd MS. Metabolism. Essays Biochem 2020; 64(4):607-647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20190041
27. Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Llanos-González E, Alcain FJ. The use of coenzyme Q10 in cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10(5):755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050755
28. Jafari M, Mousavi SM, Asgharzadeh A, Yazdani N. Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of heart failure: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Indian Heart J 2018; 70 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S111-S117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.031
29. Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, González-García P, Dí-az-Casado ME, Barriocanal-Casado E, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, López LC. Metabolic targets of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondria. Antiox-idants (Basel) 2021; 10(4):520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040520
30. Shen Q, Pierce JD. Supplementation of coenzyme Q10 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Healthcare (Basel) 2015; 3(2):296-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3020296
31. Suárez-Rivero JM, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Povea-Cabello S, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Vil-lalón-García I, Munuera-Cabeza M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Talaverón-Rey M, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coen-zyme Q10 analogues: Benefits and challenges for therapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10(2):236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020236
32. Sifuentes-Franco S, Sánchez-Macías DC, Carril-lo-Ibarra S, Rivera-Valdés JJ, Zuñiga LY, Sánchez-López VA. Antioxidant and an-ti-inflammatory effects of coenzyme Q10 supple-mentation on infectious diseases. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10(3):487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030487
33. Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Suárez-Rivero JM, Povea-Cabello S, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Vil-lalón-García I, Munuera-Cabeza M, Suárez-Carrillo A, Talaverón-Rey M, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coen-zyme Q10: Novel formulations and medical trends. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(22):8432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228432
34. Linton MRF, Yancey PG, Davies SS, et al. The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. [Up-dated 2019 Jan 3]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343489/
35. Sanoobar M, Dehghan P, Khalili M, Azimi A, Seifar F. Coenzyme Q10 as a treatment for fatigue and de-pression in multiple sclerosis patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19(3):138-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000002
36. Fernández-Portero C, Amián JG, Bella R, López-Lluch G, Alarcón D. Coenzyme Q10 levels associated with cognitive functioning and executive function in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78(1):1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac152
37. Gabriel FC, Oliveira M, Bruna De M Martella, Berk M, Brietzke E, Jacka FN, Lafer B. Nutrition and bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26(7):637-651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2022.2077031
38. Maguire Á, Hargreaves A, Gill M. Coenzyme Q10 and neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders: Relevance for schizophrenia. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 23(10):756-769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2018.1556481
39. Maguire Á, Mooney C, Flynn G, Ferguson Y, O'Keane V, O'Rourke D, McMonagle T, Heaton R, Phillips S, Hargreaves I, Gill M, Hargreaves A. No effect of coenzyme Q10 on cognitive function, psychological symptoms, and health-related out-comes in schizophrenia and schizoaffective dis-order: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2021;
41(1):53-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001330
40. Liu M, Zhu H, Hu X, Zhu Y, Chen H. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on glucose me-tabolism, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflam-mation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99(46):e23130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000023130
41. Liang Y, Zhao D, Ji Q, Liu M, Dai S, Hou S, Liu Z, Mao Y, Tian Z, Yang Y. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on glycemic control: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized con-trolled trials. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101602
42. Sabbatinelli J, Orlando P, Galeazzi R, Silvestri S, Cirilli I, Marcheggiani F, Dludla PV, Giuliani A, Bon-figli AR, Mazzanti L, Olivieri F, Antonicelli R, Tiano L. Ubiquinol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in subjects with mild-to-moderate dyslipidemia: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrients 2020; 12(4):1098. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041098
43. Ho MJ, Li EC, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 3(3):CD007435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007435.pub3
44. Zhang X, Shi Z, Liu Q, Quan H, Cheng X. Effects of coenzyme Q10 intervention on diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98(24):e15850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015850
45. Cooke M, Iosia M, Buford T, Shelmadine B, Hudson G, Kerksick C, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Leutholtz B, Willoughby D, Kreider R. Effects of acute and 14-day coenzyme Q10 supplementation on exercise performance in both trained and un-trained individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008; 5:8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-5-8
46. Tsai IC, Hsu CW, Chang CH, Tseng PT, Chang KV. Effectiveness of coenzyme q10 supplementation for reducing fatigue: A systematic review and me-ta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 13:883251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.883251
47. Castro-Marrero J, Segundo MJ, Lacasa M, Mar-tinez-Martinez A, Sentañes RS, Alegre-Martin J. Effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 plus nadh sup-plementation on fatigue perception and health-related quality of life in individuals with my-algic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, place-bo-controlled trial. Nutrients 2021; 13(8):2658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082658
48. Cirilli I, Damiani E, Dludla PV, Hargreaves I, Mar-cheggiani F, Millichap LE, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L. Role of coenzyme Q10 in health and dis-ease: An update on the last 10 years (2010-2020). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10(8):1325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081325
49. Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, Choub A, Siciliano G. Coenzyme Q10 and neurological dis-eases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2009; 2(3):134-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph203134
50. Finkbeiner S. Huntington's disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011; 3(6):a007476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007476
51. Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10 and immune function: An Overview. Antioxi-dants (Basel) 2021; 10(5):759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050759
52. Tian G, Sawashita J, Kubo H, Nishio SY, Hashimoto S, Suzuki N, Yoshimura H, Tsuruoka M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Luo H, Xu Z, Mori M, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Takeda T, Usami S, Higuchi K. Ubiquinol-10 supplementa-tion activates mitochondria functions to decelerate senescence in senescence-accelerated mice. An-tioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20(16):2606-2620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5406
53. Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N. Spotlight on Coenzyme Q10 in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease: Oxidative stress/PI3K/AKT/GSK 3ß/CREB/BDNF/TrKB. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75(8):1119-1129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgad048
54. Kabel AM, Elkhoely AA. Ameliorative effect of co-enzyme q10 and/or candesartan on car-boplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: Roles of apoptosis, transforming growth factor-β1, nuclear factor kap-pa-B and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18(6):1629-1636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.6.1629
55. Park HW, Park CG, Park M, Lee SH, Park HR, Lim J, Paek SH, Choy YB. Intrastriatal administration of coenzyme Q10 enhances neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1):9572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66493-w
56. Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Gar-cía-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Coenzyme Q10 and dementia: A systematic review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12(2):533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020533
57. Andrich J, Saft C, Gerlach M, Schneider B, Arz A, Kuhn W, Müller T. Coenzyme Q10 serum levels in Huntington’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 2004; 2004(68):111-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0579-5_13
58. Alahmar AT. Role of oxidative stress in male infer-tility: An updated review. J Hum Reprod Sci 2019; 12(1):4-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_150_18
59. Xu Y, Nisenblat V, Lu C, Li R, Qiao J, Zhen X, Wang S. Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: A randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16(1):29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0343-0
60. Zhang T, He Q, Xiu H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen Z, Hu H. Efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 supple-mentation in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30(4):1033-1048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-01038-2
61. Zhu F, Yin S, Yang B, Li S, Feng X, Wang T, Che D. TEAS, DHEA, CoQ10, and GH for poor ovarian response undergoing IVF-ET: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21(1):64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-023-01119-0
62. Zhang Y, Zhang C, Shu J, Guo J, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Sheng JZ, Huang H. Adjuvant treatment strategies in ovarian stimulation for poor responders undergoing IVF: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26(2):247-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz046
63. Alahmar AT. The ismpact of two doses of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2019; 46(3):112-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.00136
64. Ge B, Zhang Z, Zuo Z. Updates on the clinical evidenced herb-warfarin interactions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014; 2014:957362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/957362
65. PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board. Coenzyme Q10 (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. 2022 Jun 7. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65890/
How to Cite
Silić , I. A. (2023). Coenzyme Q10: A Ubiquitous Supplemental Enzyme Contributing to the Health. Science Insights, 43(5), 1129–1140. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re825
Issue
Section
Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.