Do We Have Strategies to Prevent Emerging Fatal Pathogens?
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
Aug 29, 2024
Abstract
To prevent the transmission of fatal pathogenic microorganisms, a comprehensive strategy is needed that includes public health interventions and research projects. An effective approach is to improve surveillance systems in order to rapidly identify and address epidemics, enabling swift isolation and treatment of sick persons. In addition, practices such as regular handwashing and adherence to established food safety regulations can aid in minimizing the transfer of harmful microorganisms. Research endeavors should prioritize the development of novel vaccines and antimicrobial therapies to counteract the emergence of new infections. Moreover, the implementation of stringent infection control measures in healthcare settings can effectively prevent nosocomial infections and restrict the transmission of these lethal microorganisms. Through the integration of proactive public health actions and state-of-the-art research developments, we can successfully avert the spread of fatal pathogens and safeguard global health security.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Emerging Fatal Pathogens, Preventive Strategies, Global Health, Epidemic, Pandemic
References
1. Levitt AM, Khan AS, Hughes JM. Emerging and re-emerging pathogens and diseases. Infectious Diseases 2010; 2010:56-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-04579-7.00004-6
2. Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M, et al. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch17
3. Williams BA, Jones CH, Welch V, True JM. Outlook of pandemic preparedness in a post-COVID-19 world. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8(1):178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-023-00773-0
4. Arthur RR, Leduc JW, Hughes JM. Surveillance for emerging infectious diseases and bioterrorism threats. Trop Infect Dis 2006; 2006:195-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-06668-9.50020-X
5. Koopmans M. Surveillance strategy for early detection of unusual infectious disease events. Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3(2):185-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2013.02.003
6. Trebesch C, Konradt M, Ordoñez G, Herrera H. The political consequences of the Covid pandemic: Lessons from cross-country polling data. VoxEU, November 06, 2020. Last access: July 02, 2024. Available at: https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/political-consequences-covid-pandemic-lessons-cross-country-polling-data
7. Kerr J, Panagopoulos C, van der Linden S. Political polarization on COVID-19 pandemic response in the United States. Pers Individ Dif 2021; 179:110892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110892
8. Jain S, Venkataraman A, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA. Messenger RNA-based vaccines: Past, present, and future directions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.114000. Erratum in: Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114501
9. Demongeot J, Fougère C. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines-facts and hypotheses on fragmentation and encapsulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11(1):40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010040
10. Aygün I, Barciszewski J. The forerunners and successful partnerships behind the BioNTech mRNA vaccine. J Appl Genet 2024; 65(1):47-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-023-00793-5
11. Rodrigues CMC, Plotkin SA. Impact of vaccines; health, economic and social perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01526
12. Clemens SAC, Clemens R. The need and challenges for development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S37-S45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2022.11.002
13. Vandegrift R, Bateman AC, Siemens KN, Nguyen M, Wilson HE, Green JL, Van Den Wymelenberg KG, Hickey RJ. Cleanliness in context: Reconciling hygiene with a modern microbial perspective. Microbiome 2017; 5(1):76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0294-2
14. Mathur P. Hand hygiene: Back to the basics of infection control. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134(5):611-620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.90985
15. Tognotti E. Lessons from the history of quarantine, from plague to influenza A. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19(2):254-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1902.120312
16. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Evidence-Based Practices for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response; Downey A, Brown L, Calonge N, editors. Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2020 Jul 14. 7, Implementing Quarantine to Reduce or Stop the Spread of a Contagious Disease. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563999/
17. Singh S, Roy D, Sinha K, Parveen S, Sharma G, Joshi G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429
18. Onyeaka H, Anumudu CK, Al-Sharify ZT, Egele-Godswill E, Mbaegbu P. COVID-19 pandemic: A review of the global lockdown and its far-reaching effects. Sci Prog 2021; 104(2):368504211019854. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504211019854
19. Seidenbecher S, Dobrowolny H, Wolter S, Klemen J, Meyer-Lotz G, Gescher DM, Steiner J, Frodl T. Consequences of the lockdown: Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1412:53-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_3
20. Shrestha J, Zahra F, Cannady, Jr P. Antimicrobial Stewardship. [Updated 2023 Jun 20]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572068/
21. Khadse SN, Ugemuge S, Singh C. Impact of antimicrobial stewardship on reducing antimicrobial resistance. Cureus 2023; 15(12):e49935. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49935
22. Habboush Y, Guzman N. Antibiotic Resistance. [Updated 2023 Jun 20]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513277/
23. Ellwanger JH, Veiga ABG, Kaminski VL, Valverde-Villegas JM, Freitas AWQ, Chies JAB. Control and prevention of infectious diseases from a One Health perspective. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44(1 Suppl 1):e20200256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0256
24. Hutton G, Chase C. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene. In: Mock CN, Nugent R, Kobusingye O, et al., editors. Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Oct 27. Chapter 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0522-6_ch9
25. Drexler M; Institute of Medicine (US). What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2010. IV, Prevention and Treatment. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209704/
26. Recchia V, Aloisi A, Zizza A. Risk management and communication plans from SARS to COVID-19 and beyond. Int J Health Plann Manage 2022; 37(6):3039-3060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3545
27. Dickmann P, Strahwald B. Ein neues Verständnis von Risikokommunikation in Public-Health-Notlagen [A new understanding of risk communication in public health emergencies]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2022; 65(5):545-551. German. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-022-03529-8
28. Holroyd TA, Oloko OK, Salmon DA, Omer SB, Limaye RJ. Communicating recommendations in public health emergencies: The role of public health authorities. Health Secur 2020; 18(1):21-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2019.0073
29. Reddy BV, Gupta A. Importance of effective communication during COVID-19 infodemic. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9(8):3793-3796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_719_20
30. Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Abalkhail A, El-Garawany Y, Anagreyyah S, Alnafea Y, Almuzaini AM, Alwarhi W, Rawway M, Draz A. The development of technology to prevent, diagnose, and manage antimicrobial resistance in healthcare-associated infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10(12):2100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122100
31. National Institutes of Health (US); Biological Sciences Curriculum Study. NIH Curriculum Supplement Series. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2007. Understanding Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20370/
2. Madhav N, Oppenheim B, Gallivan M, et al. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch17
3. Williams BA, Jones CH, Welch V, True JM. Outlook of pandemic preparedness in a post-COVID-19 world. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8(1):178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-023-00773-0
4. Arthur RR, Leduc JW, Hughes JM. Surveillance for emerging infectious diseases and bioterrorism threats. Trop Infect Dis 2006; 2006:195-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-06668-9.50020-X
5. Koopmans M. Surveillance strategy for early detection of unusual infectious disease events. Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3(2):185-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2013.02.003
6. Trebesch C, Konradt M, Ordoñez G, Herrera H. The political consequences of the Covid pandemic: Lessons from cross-country polling data. VoxEU, November 06, 2020. Last access: July 02, 2024. Available at: https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/political-consequences-covid-pandemic-lessons-cross-country-polling-data
7. Kerr J, Panagopoulos C, van der Linden S. Political polarization on COVID-19 pandemic response in the United States. Pers Individ Dif 2021; 179:110892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110892
8. Jain S, Venkataraman A, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA. Messenger RNA-based vaccines: Past, present, and future directions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.114000. Erratum in: Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114501
9. Demongeot J, Fougère C. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines-facts and hypotheses on fragmentation and encapsulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11(1):40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010040
10. Aygün I, Barciszewski J. The forerunners and successful partnerships behind the BioNTech mRNA vaccine. J Appl Genet 2024; 65(1):47-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-023-00793-5
11. Rodrigues CMC, Plotkin SA. Impact of vaccines; health, economic and social perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01526
12. Clemens SAC, Clemens R. The need and challenges for development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S37-S45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2022.11.002
13. Vandegrift R, Bateman AC, Siemens KN, Nguyen M, Wilson HE, Green JL, Van Den Wymelenberg KG, Hickey RJ. Cleanliness in context: Reconciling hygiene with a modern microbial perspective. Microbiome 2017; 5(1):76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0294-2
14. Mathur P. Hand hygiene: Back to the basics of infection control. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134(5):611-620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.90985
15. Tognotti E. Lessons from the history of quarantine, from plague to influenza A. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19(2):254-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1902.120312
16. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Evidence-Based Practices for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response; Downey A, Brown L, Calonge N, editors. Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2020 Jul 14. 7, Implementing Quarantine to Reduce or Stop the Spread of a Contagious Disease. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563999/
17. Singh S, Roy D, Sinha K, Parveen S, Sharma G, Joshi G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429
18. Onyeaka H, Anumudu CK, Al-Sharify ZT, Egele-Godswill E, Mbaegbu P. COVID-19 pandemic: A review of the global lockdown and its far-reaching effects. Sci Prog 2021; 104(2):368504211019854. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504211019854
19. Seidenbecher S, Dobrowolny H, Wolter S, Klemen J, Meyer-Lotz G, Gescher DM, Steiner J, Frodl T. Consequences of the lockdown: Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1412:53-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_3
20. Shrestha J, Zahra F, Cannady, Jr P. Antimicrobial Stewardship. [Updated 2023 Jun 20]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572068/
21. Khadse SN, Ugemuge S, Singh C. Impact of antimicrobial stewardship on reducing antimicrobial resistance. Cureus 2023; 15(12):e49935. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49935
22. Habboush Y, Guzman N. Antibiotic Resistance. [Updated 2023 Jun 20]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513277/
23. Ellwanger JH, Veiga ABG, Kaminski VL, Valverde-Villegas JM, Freitas AWQ, Chies JAB. Control and prevention of infectious diseases from a One Health perspective. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44(1 Suppl 1):e20200256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0256
24. Hutton G, Chase C. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene. In: Mock CN, Nugent R, Kobusingye O, et al., editors. Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Oct 27. Chapter 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0522-6_ch9
25. Drexler M; Institute of Medicine (US). What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2010. IV, Prevention and Treatment. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209704/
26. Recchia V, Aloisi A, Zizza A. Risk management and communication plans from SARS to COVID-19 and beyond. Int J Health Plann Manage 2022; 37(6):3039-3060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3545
27. Dickmann P, Strahwald B. Ein neues Verständnis von Risikokommunikation in Public-Health-Notlagen [A new understanding of risk communication in public health emergencies]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2022; 65(5):545-551. German. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-022-03529-8
28. Holroyd TA, Oloko OK, Salmon DA, Omer SB, Limaye RJ. Communicating recommendations in public health emergencies: The role of public health authorities. Health Secur 2020; 18(1):21-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2019.0073
29. Reddy BV, Gupta A. Importance of effective communication during COVID-19 infodemic. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9(8):3793-3796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_719_20
30. Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Abalkhail A, El-Garawany Y, Anagreyyah S, Alnafea Y, Almuzaini AM, Alwarhi W, Rawway M, Draz A. The development of technology to prevent, diagnose, and manage antimicrobial resistance in healthcare-associated infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10(12):2100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122100
31. National Institutes of Health (US); Biological Sciences Curriculum Study. NIH Curriculum Supplement Series. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2007. Understanding Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20370/
How to Cite
Busic, N. (2024). Do We Have Strategies to Prevent Emerging Fatal Pathogens?. Science Insights, 45(2), 1461–1464. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.24.co215
Issue
Section
Commentary
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.