The Skewed Role of Home Education in Child Development in China
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Published
Jan 29, 2024
Abstract
Home education plays a unique, vital role in child development that differs from that of formal education. Currently, there is an abnormal phenomenon in Chinese basic education: home education becomes academically focused. This article gives an overview of skewed home education in basic education students, analyzes its causes and harms, and proposes relevant suggestions for a more reasonable implementation of home education with the aim of promoting legitimate home-school partnerships for student healthy growth.
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Keywords
Family Education, Formal Education, Home-School Partnership, Division of Educational Responsibility, Basic Education, China
References
Cao, X. (2023). The construction of mechanisms for the Home-School Partnership (master’s thesis). Shenyang Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000067
Chen, S. (2023). The Dilemma of Home-School Partnership under the Double Reduction Policy and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Nanchang University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27232/dcnki.gnchu.2023.002797
Chen, W. (2012). Good home education is the bedrock for child healthy growth. Journal of Gansu Lianhe University (Natural Science Edition), 2012(S2):169-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13804/j.cnki.2095-6991-2012.s2.059
Chen, Y. (2008). Concerns over schoolwork-dominated home education. Teacher Doctrines, 2008(7):1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-2655-B.2008.07.021
China Youth Daily. (2021, July 12). The dominant teacher and dominated parent in the home-school partnership. Available at: https://edu.gmw.cn/2021-07/12/content_34986142.htm
Du, Z., Li, Z., Liang, X., & Qin, Z. (2005). Integrating school, home, and social education to enhance the effects of moral education. In. The Collection of Papers as Outcomes of the National Educational Research during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period (Volume 4). pp.796-798. Xinhua Publishing House. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3NUUqoezAuHgF-WeYfd6pszfvwAyUA8PbVUkPVrgXadk8NPxyeIqRkMDHsAJMWby_KUY0v7SNDvwx80mIVKthjj75RZo0cX1FsPhSNRd-Av8W7c6bw0pLaWpjW17Ec6wu8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Gao, J. (2023). Issues with Practical Homework Design in Primary Chinese Language Teaching and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Hainan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27719/d.cnki.ghnsf.2023.000292
Guo, G. (2023). Boundary and Transcendence: The Right to Home Education (doctoral dissertation). Yunnan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27459/d.cnki.gyrfc.2023.000009
Jiang, B. (2019). Issues with Parental Involvement in School Management and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Hunan University of Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27906/dcnki.gnghy.2019.000121
Jiang, H. (2013). The challenges in school-led home-school partnerships and countermeasures. China Home Education, 2013(4):5. Available at: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/7f6dda73bcd126fff6050b36?fr=xueshu
Li, G. (2017). The Sharing of Educational Responsibility (doctoral dissertation). Northeastern Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27011/dcnki.gdbsu.2017.000058
Li, J. (2023). Partnerships between the School, Family, and Community in Primary Education under the Double Reduction Policy and Recommendations (master’s thesis). Gannan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27685/dcnki. ggnsf.2023.000176
Li, M. (2023). Educational Views of Parents of Junior Secondary School Students under the Double Reduction Policy (master’s thesis). Nanjing University of Information Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27248/d.cnki.gnjqc.2023.000295
Li, M., Liu, J., Jiang, D., & Liu, W. (2023). Parental education anxiety under the Double Reduction Policy. Intelligence, 2023(18):116-119. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3MEySx_-ECX4Jdmuw7hLfDcawCIdeu87AXgyAmmtAC7YTFdPRbEwEdfId_TAPPqk3xc_JBRNnHMLojkZL3mkrC5e_UVHjC9q_0VeE7y9gY3LsCmrnaWPF5guaKZKQwfRk=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Liu, H. (2021). The home-school partnership at the primary education level: Its current state and strategies (master’s thesis). Qufu Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27267/dcnki.gqfsu.2021.000872
Liu, Q. (2017). Primary School Students’ Homework Becomes Assignments for Parents (master’s thesis). Hunan University of Science and Technology. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3O-TA_N53uqKjNJ4QbNHJndis6BKp4aeqfvSP4vJ_0DYSifX01cBWan_LRHpiGWvDHmMFujH1Up4HWvCYMLvrpqTEMIW61y9YqHJg0AhRXFZacsEZ_B3xWmQM3gMkwr29gqFx4NnOATFA==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
Liu, X. (2023). Issues with After-school Service in Urban Public Junior Secondary Schools and Optimization Paths (master’s thesis). Hainan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27719/dcnki. ghnsf.2023.000303
Lu, H. & Zhou, L. (2020). Epidemic prevention and teaching measures in Chinese elementary and middle schools under the background of COVID-19 pandemic. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 6(2):669-690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.or027
Lyu, B. (2023). The Double Reduction Policy and Parental Anxiety (master’s thesis). Shenyang Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000056
Ministry of Education of China. (2018). “Measures for Reducing the Burden on Primary and Secondary School Students” issued by the Ministry of Education and eight other departments. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3321/201812/t20181229_365360.html
Ministry of Education of China. (2022). Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Twelve Departments on Improving the Mechanism for Partnerships between the School, Family, and Community. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3325/202301/t20230119_1039746.html
Niu, L. (2022). Methods for Applying Traditional Chinese Folk Culture in Secondary History Instruction (master’s thesis). Yangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27441/dcnki.gyzdu.2022.001992
People.cn. (2019, August 20). 60% of children participate in extracurricular tutoring programs with an average annual cost of 9211CNY: From the Annual Report on Chinese Children’s Development (2019). Available at: http://edu.people.com.cn/n1/2019/0820/c220604-31306464.html
Shan, Z. (2020). Division of Rights and Responsibility in home-school collaboration. Journal of Beijing Institute of Education, 34 (6):1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16398/j.cnki.jbjieissn1008-228x.2020.06.01
Sheng, M. (2023). Burden of Off-campus Training from the Standpoint of Students (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/dcnki.ghdsu.2023.003905
Suchomlinski, B. A. (2021). Recommendations for Teachers. (Chinese Translation by Cong Zhao). Changsha: Hunan People’s Publishing House.
State Council of China. (2021). Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-Campus Training for Compulsory Education Students. Available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-07/24/content_5627132.htm?eqid=b58c81c0000b1c3500000002648c158f
Wang, S. (2019). How to reach higher-order home-school partnerships. Primary and Secondary School Management, 2019(12):60. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=hqt_j-UEELHXRs02IOTPRmchLh9P9pf07blFAkrzxnMfZy07TRs85abLxhD6KZYsZdfBMsaNESCRBatwXeA8_DU3g_Yp5bgnssPmxUBHGvBdxenqsRwidG0bwgKyCB7NAvVuMykWjg=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Xi, C. (2023). Home-School Conflict Management in Senior Secondary Education (doctoral dissertation). Guangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27040/d.cnki.ggzdu.2023.000007
Xi, X. (2018). Strategies for improving the effects of in-class instruction using modern information technology. Education Circle, 2018(9):155-157.
Yan, R. (2023). The significance of partnerships between the family, school, and community under the Double Reduction Policy. New Education, 2023(32):14-16. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3NUp5T1XMVjELQ2yo8ftj5ubhlugFNfophBA33v_VhC5oJaGyfcAJq0z9OOqbfoLChT_ja1OY3aQAnYkVyj1WooDbCrikin_tYsHcqYey0xAO8A8YvuQ-CI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yang, W. (2012). The workshop-like parents’ meeting and its implications. Moral Education China, 2012(16):74-76.
Yuan, M. (2020). The intrusion of school education into family education (master’s thesis). Harbin Engineering University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2706/d.cnki.ghbcu.2020.000321
Zhang, H. (2023). Policy Narratives of Parental Anxiety under the Double Reduction Policy (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/dcnki.ghdsu.2023.000587
Zhang, J., Wu, Z., & Wang, M. (2018). Cross-profession behavior of parents and teachers in home-school partnerships: An empirical model based on the overlapping spheres of influence theory. Research in Educational Development, 2018(2):78-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2018.02.02.012
Zhang, Y. (2018). Boundaries of Rights and Responsibilities between School and Home Education. Journal of Teacher Education, 5(2):9-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13718/j.cnki.jsjy.2018.02.002
Zhao, X. (2020). Attitudes towards Home-School Partnerships in Parents of Primary and Secondary School Students: Problems and Suggestions (master’s thesis). Shandong Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27280/dcnki.gsdsu.2020.000757
Zheng, S. (2022). Division of Responsibility in the Home-School Partnership in Primary Education (master’s thesis). Guangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27040/dcnki.ggzdu.2022.001210
Zhong, J. (2023). Guidance on Home Education of Secondary School Students: The Organization and Implementation (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/dcnki. ghdsu.2023.000821
Chen, S. (2023). The Dilemma of Home-School Partnership under the Double Reduction Policy and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Nanchang University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27232/dcnki.gnchu.2023.002797
Chen, W. (2012). Good home education is the bedrock for child healthy growth. Journal of Gansu Lianhe University (Natural Science Edition), 2012(S2):169-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13804/j.cnki.2095-6991-2012.s2.059
Chen, Y. (2008). Concerns over schoolwork-dominated home education. Teacher Doctrines, 2008(7):1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-2655-B.2008.07.021
China Youth Daily. (2021, July 12). The dominant teacher and dominated parent in the home-school partnership. Available at: https://edu.gmw.cn/2021-07/12/content_34986142.htm
Du, Z., Li, Z., Liang, X., & Qin, Z. (2005). Integrating school, home, and social education to enhance the effects of moral education. In. The Collection of Papers as Outcomes of the National Educational Research during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period (Volume 4). pp.796-798. Xinhua Publishing House. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3NUUqoezAuHgF-WeYfd6pszfvwAyUA8PbVUkPVrgXadk8NPxyeIqRkMDHsAJMWby_KUY0v7SNDvwx80mIVKthjj75RZo0cX1FsPhSNRd-Av8W7c6bw0pLaWpjW17Ec6wu8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Gao, J. (2023). Issues with Practical Homework Design in Primary Chinese Language Teaching and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Hainan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27719/d.cnki.ghnsf.2023.000292
Guo, G. (2023). Boundary and Transcendence: The Right to Home Education (doctoral dissertation). Yunnan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27459/d.cnki.gyrfc.2023.000009
Jiang, B. (2019). Issues with Parental Involvement in School Management and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Hunan University of Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27906/dcnki.gnghy.2019.000121
Jiang, H. (2013). The challenges in school-led home-school partnerships and countermeasures. China Home Education, 2013(4):5. Available at: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/7f6dda73bcd126fff6050b36?fr=xueshu
Li, G. (2017). The Sharing of Educational Responsibility (doctoral dissertation). Northeastern Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27011/dcnki.gdbsu.2017.000058
Li, J. (2023). Partnerships between the School, Family, and Community in Primary Education under the Double Reduction Policy and Recommendations (master’s thesis). Gannan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27685/dcnki. ggnsf.2023.000176
Li, M. (2023). Educational Views of Parents of Junior Secondary School Students under the Double Reduction Policy (master’s thesis). Nanjing University of Information Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27248/d.cnki.gnjqc.2023.000295
Li, M., Liu, J., Jiang, D., & Liu, W. (2023). Parental education anxiety under the Double Reduction Policy. Intelligence, 2023(18):116-119. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3MEySx_-ECX4Jdmuw7hLfDcawCIdeu87AXgyAmmtAC7YTFdPRbEwEdfId_TAPPqk3xc_JBRNnHMLojkZL3mkrC5e_UVHjC9q_0VeE7y9gY3LsCmrnaWPF5guaKZKQwfRk=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Liu, H. (2021). The home-school partnership at the primary education level: Its current state and strategies (master’s thesis). Qufu Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27267/dcnki.gqfsu.2021.000872
Liu, Q. (2017). Primary School Students’ Homework Becomes Assignments for Parents (master’s thesis). Hunan University of Science and Technology. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3O-TA_N53uqKjNJ4QbNHJndis6BKp4aeqfvSP4vJ_0DYSifX01cBWan_LRHpiGWvDHmMFujH1Up4HWvCYMLvrpqTEMIW61y9YqHJg0AhRXFZacsEZ_B3xWmQM3gMkwr29gqFx4NnOATFA==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
Liu, X. (2023). Issues with After-school Service in Urban Public Junior Secondary Schools and Optimization Paths (master’s thesis). Hainan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27719/dcnki. ghnsf.2023.000303
Lu, H. & Zhou, L. (2020). Epidemic prevention and teaching measures in Chinese elementary and middle schools under the background of COVID-19 pandemic. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 6(2):669-690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.or027
Lyu, B. (2023). The Double Reduction Policy and Parental Anxiety (master’s thesis). Shenyang Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000056
Ministry of Education of China. (2018). “Measures for Reducing the Burden on Primary and Secondary School Students” issued by the Ministry of Education and eight other departments. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3321/201812/t20181229_365360.html
Ministry of Education of China. (2022). Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Twelve Departments on Improving the Mechanism for Partnerships between the School, Family, and Community. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3325/202301/t20230119_1039746.html
Niu, L. (2022). Methods for Applying Traditional Chinese Folk Culture in Secondary History Instruction (master’s thesis). Yangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27441/dcnki.gyzdu.2022.001992
People.cn. (2019, August 20). 60% of children participate in extracurricular tutoring programs with an average annual cost of 9211CNY: From the Annual Report on Chinese Children’s Development (2019). Available at: http://edu.people.com.cn/n1/2019/0820/c220604-31306464.html
Shan, Z. (2020). Division of Rights and Responsibility in home-school collaboration. Journal of Beijing Institute of Education, 34 (6):1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16398/j.cnki.jbjieissn1008-228x.2020.06.01
Sheng, M. (2023). Burden of Off-campus Training from the Standpoint of Students (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/dcnki.ghdsu.2023.003905
Suchomlinski, B. A. (2021). Recommendations for Teachers. (Chinese Translation by Cong Zhao). Changsha: Hunan People’s Publishing House.
State Council of China. (2021). Opinions on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-Campus Training for Compulsory Education Students. Available at: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-07/24/content_5627132.htm?eqid=b58c81c0000b1c3500000002648c158f
Wang, S. (2019). How to reach higher-order home-school partnerships. Primary and Secondary School Management, 2019(12):60. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=hqt_j-UEELHXRs02IOTPRmchLh9P9pf07blFAkrzxnMfZy07TRs85abLxhD6KZYsZdfBMsaNESCRBatwXeA8_DU3g_Yp5bgnssPmxUBHGvBdxenqsRwidG0bwgKyCB7NAvVuMykWjg=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Xi, C. (2023). Home-School Conflict Management in Senior Secondary Education (doctoral dissertation). Guangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27040/d.cnki.ggzdu.2023.000007
Xi, X. (2018). Strategies for improving the effects of in-class instruction using modern information technology. Education Circle, 2018(9):155-157.
Yan, R. (2023). The significance of partnerships between the family, school, and community under the Double Reduction Policy. New Education, 2023(32):14-16. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=p7sfyaWOx3NUp5T1XMVjELQ2yo8ftj5ubhlugFNfophBA33v_VhC5oJaGyfcAJq0z9OOqbfoLChT_ja1OY3aQAnYkVyj1WooDbCrikin_tYsHcqYey0xAO8A8YvuQ-CI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yang, W. (2012). The workshop-like parents’ meeting and its implications. Moral Education China, 2012(16):74-76.
Yuan, M. (2020). The intrusion of school education into family education (master’s thesis). Harbin Engineering University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2706/d.cnki.ghbcu.2020.000321
Zhang, H. (2023). Policy Narratives of Parental Anxiety under the Double Reduction Policy (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/dcnki.ghdsu.2023.000587
Zhang, J., Wu, Z., & Wang, M. (2018). Cross-profession behavior of parents and teachers in home-school partnerships: An empirical model based on the overlapping spheres of influence theory. Research in Educational Development, 2018(2):78-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2018.02.02.012
Zhang, Y. (2018). Boundaries of Rights and Responsibilities between School and Home Education. Journal of Teacher Education, 5(2):9-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13718/j.cnki.jsjy.2018.02.002
Zhao, X. (2020). Attitudes towards Home-School Partnerships in Parents of Primary and Secondary School Students: Problems and Suggestions (master’s thesis). Shandong Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27280/dcnki.gsdsu.2020.000757
Zheng, S. (2022). Division of Responsibility in the Home-School Partnership in Primary Education (master’s thesis). Guangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27040/dcnki.ggzdu.2022.001210
Zhong, J. (2023). Guidance on Home Education of Secondary School Students: The Organization and Implementation (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/dcnki. ghdsu.2023.000821
How to Cite
Zhang, L. (2024). The Skewed Role of Home Education in Child Development in China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 20(1), 3201–3213. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.24.re321
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