The Implementation of Project-Based Learning in Chinese Basic Education: Challenges and Recommendations
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Published
Mar 25, 2024
Abstract
Project-based learning is a form of student-centered and inquiry-based learning. It differs from traditional instructional approaches by emphasizing students’ acquisition of transferable knowledge through active exploration of real-world problems and challenges. For China’s basic education community, project-based learning is still a relatively novel notion, and its popularization is subject to a variety of challenges. This study aims to pinpoint the barriers to the successful implementation of this pedagogical method in Chinese basic education. Recommendations on how to enhance its application are also proposed.
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Keywords
Project-Based Learning, Basic Education, China
References
Cui, W. (2022). The Adoption of Project-based Learning in Secondary Ideological and Political Education (master’s thesis). Guangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27040/d.cnki.ggzdu.2022.000956
Dewey, J. (1938). Education and Experience. New York: Touchstone.
Feng, X. & Zhu, Y. (2003). Project-based Learning Based on the Internet. Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Education, 2003(5):6-9. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00JdwX6aab_o7qiYtSZgYvBfg6ahZ8m1LMaMrZIYiE8c3_bNLDosGGTRBJoMDwL37ze51MdLIFNk9lcE6j-GejpJ8ykA9Lwy0hvsnJklZ617-YZTGKjcnO5l&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Gao, X. (2023). The Construction and Application of a Teachers’ Instructional Competence Model for Project-based Learning (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27149/d.cnki.ghdsu.2023.003680
Hu, J. & Tian, L. (2023). Explorations of project-based learning in Japanese primary and secondary schools: History, practical challenges, and experiential review. Studies in Foreign Education, 2023(8):35-50. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=_AqZbjAWWJSTCtlHpXgyPXz9q8c2uFwX_-UW9t1ZJu7gnsnxMOUJAmc1GR9D8URn2OeL8K1dNWYCSETW3D11yobM_BQCpvfHDghX_GkFpb3QABZ7kxk-DvcLV7ga4dvRj0La7kxRQUY=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Huang, J. (2022). The Design of Junior Secondary Artificial Intelligence Instruction Based on the Notion of STEAM Education (master’s thesis). Guangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27040/d.cnki.ggzdu.2022.001078
Ji, P. (1999). Change the notion of education and seize the opportunities: The role of teachers in the curriculum and textbook reforms. Journal of Heilongjiang University of Education, 1999(1):16-17. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=iJorCDPRxqrB7XVnfpTLb6FyslWnQ2N2Goxvp3mnosWeogUOu9KaB7aykeXN8Ji516E2GoET0xSTE3cHwHP1QFyQYtt--PTnGm2hWtbPDY6st2mPT9qDEET6-8xKeKM-&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., and Freeman, A. (2015). NMC Horizon Report: 2015 K-12 Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED593612.pdf
Kang, Z. (1986). The relationship between “teacher dominance” and “student-centeredness” in the teaching process. Journal of Hefei Normal University, 1986(2):23-26.
Liu, H. (2022). Project-based Learning in Senior Secondary Unit-based Chemistry Education (master’s thesis). Inner Mongolia Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27230/d.cnki.gnmsu.2022.000354
Lyu, Y. (2022). The Role of Vocational Education Textbooks (doctoral dissertation). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/d.cnki.ghdsu.2022.000774
Qiao, H. (2021). Improving the Theme-based Teaching Model in Primary Education (doctoral dissertation). Tianjin Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27363/d.cnki.gtsfu.2021.000741
Shen, W. (2023). The Implementation of the PBL Model in Junior Secondary Physics Teaching (master’s thesis). Sichuan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27347/dcnki.gssdu.2022.000637
State Council of China. (2019a) Opinions on Advancing Education and Teaching Reforms and Comprehensively Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-07/08/content_5407361.htm
State Council of China. (2019b). Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council of China on Promoting the Reform of Education Methods in General Senior Secondary Education in the New Era. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-06/19/content_5401568.htm
Wang, J. (2009). The Problem-based Method for School-based Training of Primary and Secondary Teachers (master’s thesis). Shandong Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00JBL4uzGJoX97pWWhXpsSx4ow7wpbcQPLQTPMqna-ZEhuNvd07rHF7lqiXC4N_hQYsThrSTSF6OdOmTGms5IpyhDvQLURuSrgUbzj1hTcJekjvokrWYvgPnNaKkt0AhNSVQh3WPDosg==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
Wang, M. & Liu, F. (2015). The top-level design of innovative school curricula and basic paths: Using the construction of primary and secondary curriculum systems as an example. Proceedings of the Forum on Basic Education Reform and Development, sponsored by the Basic Education Curriculum and Teaching Materials Development Center of the Ministry of Education and People’s Education Press. Available at: https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/conference/8842866
Wang, X. (2017). The application of the problem-based learning model in teacher professional development. Vocational Education Research, 2017(4):45-48. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00L5pdTd-TX0UpV0tQhM82rZvmxzoJQhy9AjWcUq1D4GiXwzxjDNEXSlI5j6vsV5CP3HpZuLjpuRInTAzD-MEHCVyd2fs0-C-dEan3LMUckvG0I5IDzwm4ft9jSHkU32M=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Wei, H. (2013). The Adoption of Project-based Learning in Senior Secondary Physics Education (master’s thesis). Northeastern Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=1TlORdBtwpa9i6OeUFLiuJz2IdFPZhzwQlqs_AYFO0y6YjrK2QzJ0-SU93j5kwBT94cKtt2FLg6-TCAOg1NbG4oHDrfXI0NV4skKLwSe9nArDSwu9wdSucXkJdQGnNl2f1Ui_m8IUSuxot0FNvFcYQ==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
Wei, S. (2022). The Implementation of Project-based Learning in Primary Practical Activity Courses (master’s thesis). Southwest University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27684/d.cnki.gxndx.2022.002594
Wu, Y. (2022). The Development and Use of Integrated Practical Education Curriculum Resources in Primary Schools from the Perspective of Ecology (master’s thesis). Hangzhou Normal University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27076/d.cnki.ghzsc.2022.000009
Xia, F. (2011). Seeking out mathematical teaching resources in life. Zhejiang Education Science, 2011(3):2.
Yang, L. & Guan, S. (2012). Reflections on the changed role of the teacher under the pedagogy of PBL. Journal of Heilongjiang University of Education, 2012(4):34-35. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00JrOVp4vB20ifAmI3jFDod1Jhouwsk0EwKr89m04oY_6mj-PCKQZytmJbs7xfzBEeGhf0_sbmZIQaVflgHC7ooGCj7KXkpENrl8oPxwaHfQXOXweeEKtvYD&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yang, L. & Feng, R. (2007). The design of the project-based learning supportive platform in the digital environment. Journal of Yangzhou University (Higher Education Research Edition), 2007(1):91-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19411/j.cnki.1007-8606.2007.01.026
Yao, H. (2023). The construction of project-based teaching ability indicator framework for primary and secondary teachers (master’s thesis). Southwest University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27684/d.cnki.gxndx.2023.000473
Ye, S. (2022). The Implementation of Project-based Learning by Primary Teachers (master’s thesis). Shanghai Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27312/d.cnki.gshsu.2022.000208
Yin, H. (2021). Interdisciplinary project-based learning in basic education: Challenges and coping strategies. Teachers’ Journal, 2021(10):60-63. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=_AqZbjAWWJTPL4zesQDHhczkc4gHmE1kVw47ocbTVUNKI8Xb4SA24fcjxOnoMCywjHRFtivH2PTkAHS0d7U15YkSzhLNHjRS1q64r08iI0gqraEWPkxPgG5SBvyh2GGNOWkC7Vu_lHs=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yin, S. & Gong, B. (2020). Reforming the framework of Chinese basic education curriculum: Experience and reflections. Journal of Hebei Normal University (Education Science Edition), 2020(2):37-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.ese.2020.02.008
Zhang, R. (2022). Implementation Strategies for Project-based Learning in Secondary Classical Chinese Reading Instruction (master’s thesis). Shandong Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27280/d.cnki.gsdsu.2022.000860
Zheng, W. (2021). Explorations and experiments in project-based learning in primary schools. Contemporary Home Education, 2021(28):3-4. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00IsSRUGBMZAp0wkudr2rKAJ1agmePoZmfgQGfAA99mcd5rFLymqRJ3zyT392INw5L4Tld7OWf8zNkgDJwCyvOqWtE6mpPKPYbSQjmMQojzge3Yc6Oqnk6c1GlJK6fk4v58=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Zhao, J. (2023). An Investigation of Key Competence-focused Project-based Learning in Senior Secondary Biology Education and Possible Strategies (master’s thesis). Tianjin Normal University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27363/d.cnki.gtsfu.2023.000695
Dewey, J. (1938). Education and Experience. New York: Touchstone.
Feng, X. & Zhu, Y. (2003). Project-based Learning Based on the Internet. Technology Enhanced Foreign Language Education, 2003(5):6-9. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00JdwX6aab_o7qiYtSZgYvBfg6ahZ8m1LMaMrZIYiE8c3_bNLDosGGTRBJoMDwL37ze51MdLIFNk9lcE6j-GejpJ8ykA9Lwy0hvsnJklZ617-YZTGKjcnO5l&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Gao, X. (2023). The Construction and Application of a Teachers’ Instructional Competence Model for Project-based Learning (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27149/d.cnki.ghdsu.2023.003680
Hu, J. & Tian, L. (2023). Explorations of project-based learning in Japanese primary and secondary schools: History, practical challenges, and experiential review. Studies in Foreign Education, 2023(8):35-50. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=_AqZbjAWWJSTCtlHpXgyPXz9q8c2uFwX_-UW9t1ZJu7gnsnxMOUJAmc1GR9D8URn2OeL8K1dNWYCSETW3D11yobM_BQCpvfHDghX_GkFpb3QABZ7kxk-DvcLV7ga4dvRj0La7kxRQUY=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Huang, J. (2022). The Design of Junior Secondary Artificial Intelligence Instruction Based on the Notion of STEAM Education (master’s thesis). Guangzhou University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27040/d.cnki.ggzdu.2022.001078
Ji, P. (1999). Change the notion of education and seize the opportunities: The role of teachers in the curriculum and textbook reforms. Journal of Heilongjiang University of Education, 1999(1):16-17. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=iJorCDPRxqrB7XVnfpTLb6FyslWnQ2N2Goxvp3mnosWeogUOu9KaB7aykeXN8Ji516E2GoET0xSTE3cHwHP1QFyQYtt--PTnGm2hWtbPDY6st2mPT9qDEET6-8xKeKM-&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., and Freeman, A. (2015). NMC Horizon Report: 2015 K-12 Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED593612.pdf
Kang, Z. (1986). The relationship between “teacher dominance” and “student-centeredness” in the teaching process. Journal of Hefei Normal University, 1986(2):23-26.
Liu, H. (2022). Project-based Learning in Senior Secondary Unit-based Chemistry Education (master’s thesis). Inner Mongolia Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27230/d.cnki.gnmsu.2022.000354
Lyu, Y. (2022). The Role of Vocational Education Textbooks (doctoral dissertation). East China Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27149/d.cnki.ghdsu.2022.000774
Qiao, H. (2021). Improving the Theme-based Teaching Model in Primary Education (doctoral dissertation). Tianjin Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27363/d.cnki.gtsfu.2021.000741
Shen, W. (2023). The Implementation of the PBL Model in Junior Secondary Physics Teaching (master’s thesis). Sichuan Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27347/dcnki.gssdu.2022.000637
State Council of China. (2019a) Opinions on Advancing Education and Teaching Reforms and Comprehensively Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-07/08/content_5407361.htm
State Council of China. (2019b). Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council of China on Promoting the Reform of Education Methods in General Senior Secondary Education in the New Era. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2019-06/19/content_5401568.htm
Wang, J. (2009). The Problem-based Method for School-based Training of Primary and Secondary Teachers (master’s thesis). Shandong Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00JBL4uzGJoX97pWWhXpsSx4ow7wpbcQPLQTPMqna-ZEhuNvd07rHF7lqiXC4N_hQYsThrSTSF6OdOmTGms5IpyhDvQLURuSrgUbzj1hTcJekjvokrWYvgPnNaKkt0AhNSVQh3WPDosg==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
Wang, M. & Liu, F. (2015). The top-level design of innovative school curricula and basic paths: Using the construction of primary and secondary curriculum systems as an example. Proceedings of the Forum on Basic Education Reform and Development, sponsored by the Basic Education Curriculum and Teaching Materials Development Center of the Ministry of Education and People’s Education Press. Available at: https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/conference/8842866
Wang, X. (2017). The application of the problem-based learning model in teacher professional development. Vocational Education Research, 2017(4):45-48. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00L5pdTd-TX0UpV0tQhM82rZvmxzoJQhy9AjWcUq1D4GiXwzxjDNEXSlI5j6vsV5CP3HpZuLjpuRInTAzD-MEHCVyd2fs0-C-dEan3LMUckvG0I5IDzwm4ft9jSHkU32M=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Wei, H. (2013). The Adoption of Project-based Learning in Senior Secondary Physics Education (master’s thesis). Northeastern Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=1TlORdBtwpa9i6OeUFLiuJz2IdFPZhzwQlqs_AYFO0y6YjrK2QzJ0-SU93j5kwBT94cKtt2FLg6-TCAOg1NbG4oHDrfXI0NV4skKLwSe9nArDSwu9wdSucXkJdQGnNl2f1Ui_m8IUSuxot0FNvFcYQ==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
Wei, S. (2022). The Implementation of Project-based Learning in Primary Practical Activity Courses (master’s thesis). Southwest University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27684/d.cnki.gxndx.2022.002594
Wu, Y. (2022). The Development and Use of Integrated Practical Education Curriculum Resources in Primary Schools from the Perspective of Ecology (master’s thesis). Hangzhou Normal University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27076/d.cnki.ghzsc.2022.000009
Xia, F. (2011). Seeking out mathematical teaching resources in life. Zhejiang Education Science, 2011(3):2.
Yang, L. & Guan, S. (2012). Reflections on the changed role of the teacher under the pedagogy of PBL. Journal of Heilongjiang University of Education, 2012(4):34-35. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00JrOVp4vB20ifAmI3jFDod1Jhouwsk0EwKr89m04oY_6mj-PCKQZytmJbs7xfzBEeGhf0_sbmZIQaVflgHC7ooGCj7KXkpENrl8oPxwaHfQXOXweeEKtvYD&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yang, L. & Feng, R. (2007). The design of the project-based learning supportive platform in the digital environment. Journal of Yangzhou University (Higher Education Research Edition), 2007(1):91-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19411/j.cnki.1007-8606.2007.01.026
Yao, H. (2023). The construction of project-based teaching ability indicator framework for primary and secondary teachers (master’s thesis). Southwest University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27684/d.cnki.gxndx.2023.000473
Ye, S. (2022). The Implementation of Project-based Learning by Primary Teachers (master’s thesis). Shanghai Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27312/d.cnki.gshsu.2022.000208
Yin, H. (2021). Interdisciplinary project-based learning in basic education: Challenges and coping strategies. Teachers’ Journal, 2021(10):60-63. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=_AqZbjAWWJTPL4zesQDHhczkc4gHmE1kVw47ocbTVUNKI8Xb4SA24fcjxOnoMCywjHRFtivH2PTkAHS0d7U15YkSzhLNHjRS1q64r08iI0gqraEWPkxPgG5SBvyh2GGNOWkC7Vu_lHs=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yin, S. & Gong, B. (2020). Reforming the framework of Chinese basic education curriculum: Experience and reflections. Journal of Hebei Normal University (Education Science Edition), 2020(2):37-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13763/j.cnki.jhebnu.ese.2020.02.008
Zhang, R. (2022). Implementation Strategies for Project-based Learning in Secondary Classical Chinese Reading Instruction (master’s thesis). Shandong Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27280/d.cnki.gsdsu.2022.000860
Zheng, W. (2021). Explorations and experiments in project-based learning in primary schools. Contemporary Home Education, 2021(28):3-4. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=xBNwvqFr00IsSRUGBMZAp0wkudr2rKAJ1agmePoZmfgQGfAA99mcd5rFLymqRJ3zyT392INw5L4Tld7OWf8zNkgDJwCyvOqWtE6mpPKPYbSQjmMQojzge3Yc6Oqnk6c1GlJK6fk4v58=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Zhao, J. (2023). An Investigation of Key Competence-focused Project-based Learning in Senior Secondary Biology Education and Possible Strategies (master’s thesis). Tianjin Normal University. Available at: https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27363/d.cnki.gtsfu.2023.000695
How to Cite
Hu, Y. (2024). The Implementation of Project-Based Learning in Chinese Basic Education: Challenges and Recommendations . Science Insights Education Frontiers, 21(1), 3363–3374. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.24.re349
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