Factors Affecting High School Students’ Motivation and Career Interest in STEM Fields and Their Modeling
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Published
May 31, 2023
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the motivation and career interest in STEM fields of high school students enrolled in public schools in the districts of Kayseri in Turkey according to various factors, to ascertain the relationship between the two variables, and to present a model for the relationship between the variables. The causal-comparative research and correlation (relational) research designs, which are among the quantitative research designs, were used in this study, which involved 1,667 students from five high education institutions situated. The research employed the Career Interest Scale in STEM Fields and the Motivation Scale in STEM Fields to gather data. It has been found that students whose favorite and most successful course is about STEM have much higher motivation and career interest in STEM fields than the other pupils. According to the study, students who are considering majoring in one of the university’s STEM fields have much higher motivation and career interest in STEM fields than other students do in general. Additionally, the connection between motivation and career interest in STEM fields was looked at. According to research, students’ motivation in STEM fields accounts for 70% of changes in their career interests in those fields.
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Keywords
STEM Career, STEM Motivation, Social Cognitive Career Theory, ARCS Theory
References
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Alsup, P. R. (2015). The effect of video interviews with STEM professionals on STEM-subject attitude and STEM-career interest of middle school students in conservative Protestant Christian schools. PhD Thesis, Liberty University, Amerika.
Altay Kose, T., & Yangin, S. (2015). İlkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilimsel kariyer ilgileri. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1).
Bahar, A., & Adiguzel, T. (2016). Analysis of factors influencing ınterest in STEM career: Comparison between American and Turkish high school students with high ability. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 17(3):64-69.
Balci, A. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: Yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler. Pegem Akademi.
BCG (2019). Available at: https://www.bcg.com/capabilities/operations/embracing-industry-4.0-rediscovering-growth.aspx
Beers, S. Z. (n.d.). 21st Century Skills: Preparing Students for THEIR Future.
Bolds, T. (2017). A structural and ıntersectional analysis of high school students’ STEM career development using a social cognitive career theory framework. PhD Thesis, Syracuse University, Amerika.
Brown, P. L., Concannon, J. P., Marx, D., Donaldson, C. W., & Black, A. (2016). An examination of middle school students’ STEM self-efficacy with relation to interest and perceptions of STEM. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 17(3):27.
Bybee, R. W. (2013). The case for STEM education: Challenges and opportunities. Arlington, Virginia: NSTA Press.
Cakir, M. A. (2011). Meslek seçimi, mesleki karar ve mesleki kararsızlık. Anı Yayıncılık.
Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (2. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
Chittum, J. R., Jones, B. D., Akalin, S., & Schram, Á. B. (2017). The effects of an afterschool STEM program on students’ motivation and engagement. International Journal of STEM Education, 4(1):11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-017-0065-4
Christensen, R., & Knezek, G. (2017). Relationship of middle school student STEM interest to career intent. Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health, 3(1):1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.275649
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Dabney, K. P., Tai, R. H., Almarode, J. T., Miller-Friedmann, J. L., Sonnert, G., Sadler, P. M., & Hazari, Z. (2012). Out-of-school time science activities and their association with career interest in STEM. International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 2(1):63-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2011.629455
Garriott, P. O., Flores, L. Y., Prabhakar, B., Mazzotta, E. C., Liskov, A. C., & Shapiro, J. E. (2013). Parental support and underrepresented students’ math/science interests: The mediating role of learning experiences. Journal of Career Assessment, 22(4):627-641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713514933
Garriott, P. O., Hultgren, K. M., & Frazier, J. (2017). STEM stereotypes and high school students’ math/science career goals. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(4):585-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072716665825
Gunindi Ersoz, A. (2016). Toplumsal cinsiyet sosyolojisi. Anı Yayıncılık.
Halim, L., Rahman, N. A., Ramli, N. A. M., & Mohtar, L. E. (2018). Influence of students’ STEM self-efficacy on STEM and physics career choice. AIP Conference Proceedings içinde. AIP Publishing.
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Jiang, H., Chugh, R., Turnbull, D., Wang, X., & Chen, S. (2022). Modeling the impact of intrinsic coding interest on STEM career interest: evidence from senior high school students in two large Chinese cities. Education and Information Technologies, 1-21.
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2014)., Eğitim Araştırmaları: Nicel, Nitel ve Karma Yaklaşımlar (S. B. Demir (Çev. Ed.)). Eğiten Kitap.
Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design for learning and performance: The ARCS model approach. New York, USA: Springer.
Kizilay, E., Yamak, H., & Kavak, N. (2019). Motivation scale for STEM fields. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 7(14):540-557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.617514
Kizilay, E., Yamak, H., & Kavak, N. (2020). Development of the STEM career ınterest scale for high school students. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(3):48-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v7no3a4
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Kuscu, P. C. (2018). Yeni bir dönem: “Sanayi 4.0”. İŞKUR Meslek Seçimine Destek, 5. Ankara.
Kutu, H. (2011). Yaşam temelli ARCS öğretim modeliyle 9. sınıf kimya dersi “hayatımızda kimya” ünitesinin öğretimi. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
LaForce, M., Noble, E., & Blackwell, C. (2017). Problem-based learning (PBL) and student interest in STEM careers: The roles of motivation and ability beliefs. Education Sciences, 7(4):92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci7040092
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45:79-122.
Lichtenberger, E., & George-Jackson, C. (2013). Predicting high school students’ interest in majoring in a STEM field: Insight into high school students’ postsecondary plans. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 28(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jcte.v28i1.571
Master, A., Cheryan, S., Moscatelli, A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2017). Programming experience promotes higher STEM motivation among first-grade girls. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 160, 92-106.
Meydan, C. H., & Sesen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi: AMOS uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Motivation (n.d.). Türk Dil Kurumu içinde. Available at: http://tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_karsilik&arama=kelime&guid=TDK.GTS.59fc60eba080b5.26227847sayfasındanerişilmiştir
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Ozdamar, K. (2016). Eğitim, sağlık ve davranış bilimlerinde ölçek ve test geliştirme/ yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Nisan Kitabevi.
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Rozek, C. S., Svoboda, R. C., Harackiewicz, J. M., Hulleman, C. S., & Hyde, J. S. (2017). Utility-value intervention with parents increases students’ STEM preparation and career pursuit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(5):909-914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607386114
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Sahin, A., Ekmekci, A., & Waxman, H. C. (2017). Collective effects of individual, behavioral, and contextual factors on high school students’ future STEM career plans. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9847-x
Sari, U., Alici, M., & Sen, O. F. (2018). The effect of STEM instruction on attitude, career perception and career interest in a problem-based learning environment and student opinions. The Electronic Journal for Research in Science & Mathematics Education, 22(1).
Sellami, A., El-Kassem, R. C., Al-Qassass, H. B., & Al-Rakeb, N. A. (2017). A Path Analysis of Student Interest in STEM, with Specific Reference to Qatari Students. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(9):6045-6067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00999a
Sencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Shin, S., Lee, J. K., & Ha, M. (2017). Influence of career motivation on science learning in Korean high-school students. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(5):1517-1538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00683a
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Alsup, P. R. (2015). The effect of video interviews with STEM professionals on STEM-subject attitude and STEM-career interest of middle school students in conservative Protestant Christian schools. PhD Thesis, Liberty University, Amerika.
Altay Kose, T., & Yangin, S. (2015). İlkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerinin bilimsel kariyer ilgileri. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1).
Bahar, A., & Adiguzel, T. (2016). Analysis of factors influencing ınterest in STEM career: Comparison between American and Turkish high school students with high ability. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 17(3):64-69.
Balci, A. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: Yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler. Pegem Akademi.
BCG (2019). Available at: https://www.bcg.com/capabilities/operations/embracing-industry-4.0-rediscovering-growth.aspx
Beers, S. Z. (n.d.). 21st Century Skills: Preparing Students for THEIR Future.
Bolds, T. (2017). A structural and ıntersectional analysis of high school students’ STEM career development using a social cognitive career theory framework. PhD Thesis, Syracuse University, Amerika.
Brown, P. L., Concannon, J. P., Marx, D., Donaldson, C. W., & Black, A. (2016). An examination of middle school students’ STEM self-efficacy with relation to interest and perceptions of STEM. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 17(3):27.
Bybee, R. W. (2013). The case for STEM education: Challenges and opportunities. Arlington, Virginia: NSTA Press.
Cakir, M. A. (2011). Meslek seçimi, mesleki karar ve mesleki kararsızlık. Anı Yayıncılık.
Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (2. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
Chittum, J. R., Jones, B. D., Akalin, S., & Schram, Á. B. (2017). The effects of an afterschool STEM program on students’ motivation and engagement. International Journal of STEM Education, 4(1):11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-017-0065-4
Christensen, R., & Knezek, G. (2017). Relationship of middle school student STEM interest to career intent. Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health, 3(1):1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.275649
Christensen, R., Knezek, G., & Tyler-Wood, T. (2014). Student perceptions of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) content and careers. Computers in Human Behavior, 34:173-186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.046
Christensen, R., Knezek, G., & Tyler-Wood, T. (2015). A retrospective analysis of STEM career interest among mathematics and science academy students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 10(1).
Dabney, K. P., Tai, R. H., Almarode, J. T., Miller-Friedmann, J. L., Sonnert, G., Sadler, P. M., & Hazari, Z. (2012). Out-of-school time science activities and their association with career interest in STEM. International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 2(1):63-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2011.629455
Garriott, P. O., Flores, L. Y., Prabhakar, B., Mazzotta, E. C., Liskov, A. C., & Shapiro, J. E. (2013). Parental support and underrepresented students’ math/science interests: The mediating role of learning experiences. Journal of Career Assessment, 22(4):627-641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713514933
Garriott, P. O., Hultgren, K. M., & Frazier, J. (2017). STEM stereotypes and high school students’ math/science career goals. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(4):585-600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072716665825
Gunindi Ersoz, A. (2016). Toplumsal cinsiyet sosyolojisi. Anı Yayıncılık.
Halim, L., Rahman, N. A., Ramli, N. A. M., & Mohtar, L. E. (2018). Influence of students’ STEM self-efficacy on STEM and physics career choice. AIP Conference Proceedings içinde. AIP Publishing.
Honey, M., Pearson, G., & Schweingruber, H. (Eds.) (2014). STEM integration in K-12 education: Status, prospects, and an agenda for research. Washington, D.C.:The National Academies Press.
Jiang, H., Chugh, R., Turnbull, D., Wang, X., & Chen, S. (2022). Modeling the impact of intrinsic coding interest on STEM career interest: evidence from senior high school students in two large Chinese cities. Education and Information Technologies, 1-21.
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2014)., Eğitim Araştırmaları: Nicel, Nitel ve Karma Yaklaşımlar (S. B. Demir (Çev. Ed.)). Eğiten Kitap.
Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design for learning and performance: The ARCS model approach. New York, USA: Springer.
Kizilay, E., Yamak, H., & Kavak, N. (2019). Motivation scale for STEM fields. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 7(14):540-557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.617514
Kizilay, E., Yamak, H., & Kavak, N. (2020). Development of the STEM career ınterest scale for high school students. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(3):48-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v7no3a4
Korkut-Owen, F., Kepir, D. D., Ozdemir, S., Ozlem, U., & Yilmaz, O. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bölüm seçme nedenleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3).
Kuscu, P. C. (2018). Yeni bir dönem: “Sanayi 4.0”. İŞKUR Meslek Seçimine Destek, 5. Ankara.
Kutu, H. (2011). Yaşam temelli ARCS öğretim modeliyle 9. sınıf kimya dersi “hayatımızda kimya” ünitesinin öğretimi. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
LaForce, M., Noble, E., & Blackwell, C. (2017). Problem-based learning (PBL) and student interest in STEM careers: The roles of motivation and ability beliefs. Education Sciences, 7(4):92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci7040092
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45:79-122.
Lichtenberger, E., & George-Jackson, C. (2013). Predicting high school students’ interest in majoring in a STEM field: Insight into high school students’ postsecondary plans. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 28(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jcte.v28i1.571
Master, A., Cheryan, S., Moscatelli, A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2017). Programming experience promotes higher STEM motivation among first-grade girls. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 160, 92-106.
Meydan, C. H., & Sesen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi: AMOS uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Motivation (n.d.). Türk Dil Kurumu içinde. Available at: http://tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_karsilik&arama=kelime&guid=TDK.GTS.59fc60eba080b5.26227847sayfasındanerişilmiştir
Niles, S. G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2013). 21. Yüzyılda Kariyer Gelişimi Müdahaleleri (4. Basımdan Çeviri), (F. Korkut Owen (Çev. Ed.)). Nobel.
Noonan, R. (2017). Office of the Chief Economist, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. (March 30, 2017). STEM jobs: 2017 update (ESA Issue Brief # 02-17). Available at: http://www.esa.gov/reports/stem-jobs-2017-updatesayfasındanerişilmiştir
Oliveros, M. A., Vargas, L. E., Valdez, B., Cabrera, E., Schoor, M., & Arcos, J. L. (2016). Student motivation in STEM careers at three northwest universities of Mexico. Creative Education, 7(18):2829. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.718262
Ozdamar, K. (2016). Eğitim, sağlık ve davranış bilimlerinde ölçek ve test geliştirme/ yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Nisan Kitabevi.
Ozyurek, R. (2013). Kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı kuramları: Çocuk ve ergenler için kariyer rehberliği uygulamaları. Ankara: Nobel.
Robnett, R. D., & Leaper, C. (2012). Friendship groups, personal motivation, and gender in relation to high school students’ STEM career interest. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(4):652-664.
Rozek, C. S., Svoboda, R. C., Harackiewicz, J. M., Hulleman, C. S., & Hyde, J. S. (2017). Utility-value intervention with parents increases students’ STEM preparation and career pursuit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(5):909-914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607386114
Sadler, P. M., Sonnert, G., Hazari, Z., & Tai, R. (2012). Stability and volatility of STEM career interest in high school: A gender study. Science Education, 96(3):411-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21007
Sahin, A., Ekmekci, A., & Waxman, H. C. (2017). Collective effects of individual, behavioral, and contextual factors on high school students’ future STEM career plans. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9847-x
Sari, U., Alici, M., & Sen, O. F. (2018). The effect of STEM instruction on attitude, career perception and career interest in a problem-based learning environment and student opinions. The Electronic Journal for Research in Science & Mathematics Education, 22(1).
Sellami, A., El-Kassem, R. C., Al-Qassass, H. B., & Al-Rakeb, N. A. (2017). A Path Analysis of Student Interest in STEM, with Specific Reference to Qatari Students. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(9):6045-6067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00999a
Sencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Shin, S., Lee, J. K., & Ha, M. (2017). Influence of career motivation on science learning in Korean high-school students. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(5):1517-1538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00683a
Sonmez, V., & Alacapinar, F. G. (2011). Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
Sural Ozer, P., & Topaloglu, T. (2008). Motivasyonda kapsam kuramları. C. Serinkan (Ed.), Liderlik ve Motivasyon içinde. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Available at: http://www.tayfuntopaloglu.com/pdf/tayfun_topaloglu_motivasyonda_kapsam_kuramlari.pdf
Telman, C. (2006). Başarıya giden yolda meslek seçimi. Epsilon.
Turner, S. L., Joeng, J. R., Sims, M. D., Dade, S. N., & Reid, M. F. (2017). SES, gender, and STEM career interests, goals, and actions: A test of SCCT. Journal of Career Assessment, 27(1):134-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072717748665
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How to Cite
Kızılay, E., & Yamak, H. (2023). Factors Affecting High School Students’ Motivation and Career Interest in STEM Fields and Their Modeling . Science Insights Education Frontiers, 16(1), 2409–2433. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.23.or256
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