Issues with the Development of Professional Preschool Teaching Staff in China and Developmental Strategies
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Published
Dec 31, 2023
Abstract
Teaching in preschool institutions is a specialized profession that requires professional expertise and techniques. Currently, certain issues with the professionalization of early childhood education practitioners have negatively impacted the quality of Chinese preschool education. This article analyzed the necessity of professionalizing pre-primary teachers and pinpointed the challenges faced by China’s educational community in building professional preschool education staff. Relevant strategies were also proposed for strengthening China’s pre-primary teaching force.
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Keywords
Preschool Education, Preschool Teachers, Professionalism, China
References
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7. Bloom BS. Stability and change in human characteristics: Implications for school reorganization. Educ Admin Quarter 1966; 2(1):35-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X6600200103
8. Ding H. Professionalism of kindergarten teachers and its foundations. Stud Presch Educ 2015;2015(11):21-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2015.11.003
9. Wortham SC (Ed.). Common Characteristics and Unique Qualities in Preschool Programs: Global Perspectives in Early Childhood Education (Vol. 5). Springer Science & Business Media. 2012.
10. Wang Y. Scientific planning for the education and training of kindergarten teachers: considerations of the practical implementation of the “Guidelines for Learning and Development of 3-6-year-old Children.” Stud Presch Educ 2014; 2014(10):58-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2014.10.009
11. Ding H. Multiple competences in one profession: The most prominent characteristic of kindergarten teachers. Early Childh Educ 2018;2018(13):6-7. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=tzo8jwpg6uhkt8wwa4_hsd618-7WzR_QLBGn3AsAy9RHnOHYKjbBBlr8MDZpGZNAI_Za1wz7Js5VvNyTSg0M2y9DRqzu7laci_RSvh3H7lx2lsb54cBjlXzczSYp3RA_N2-vd1M7Zg=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
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16. Ministry of Education of China. Notice of the Ministry of Education on Issuing the “Professional Standards of Kindergarten, Primary, and Secondary Teachers (Trial).” 2012. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/a10/s6991/201209/t20120913_145603.html
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18. Gao J, Cao X. The predicament of on-site practice in preschool teacher education and solutions: An analysis from the perspectives of cognitive apprenticeship and response theories. Res Educ Develop 2018(8):52-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2018.08.08.010
19. Wang M. Teacher Staffing in Private Kindergartens in the New Era (master’s thesis). Central China Normal University. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2021-002662
20. Ku J. Practical Research on Professional Ethics of Kindergarten Teachers in the New Era (master’s thesis). 2022. Shanxi Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27287/dcnki.gsxsu.2022.000304
21. Zhao N. Peculiarities of preschool education and requirements for preschool teachers. Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University 2015;2015(06):79-86. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsijmdt6ffwztfntpxckucpgt5be-UCL_O5pRnOVdExbfsjWSgfyOJ2oF73Lzq6pP8a_-Nljum2rKAkp_BCQhD0MigBd6Fx7uA40Ukr0cbxv66qYLuyrusUJYj24odZA48=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
22. Xia W. Self and Others: A Study on Self Understanding of Professional Identity in Preschool Teachers (doctoral dissertation). Sichuan Normal University. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27347/d.cnki.gssdu.2022.001220
23. Chen J, An Y. The significance, challenges, and reconstruction of self-education in preschool teachers. Educ Explor 2023:2023(0):1-6. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWGWM1N9H50hOJUKiqu4I4iJyTi_1v_GTtv-A806byl6xrNmpgzqJqxV4NY_4bdjhTvMmPxXASFFOd0muQWeLv3HQGxfkKJNTPT5W13P_D7DBbvRXZUDE-TQ6hXSb4tPu4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
24. Zhang M. The Professional Identity of Novice Kindergarten Teachers and Improvement Strategies (master’s thesis). Xi’an Foreign Studies University. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27815/dcnki.gxawd.2021.000031
25. Liu T. Curriculum Design for Preschool Teacher Education in Higher Education Institutions (doctoral dissertation). 2015. Central China Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWFxwY7G2Lg73Alt4cIIJFLrPOWEiZaPZMduMsm0I_SfXRZycyiYKsQ6tz7430OIXyu2V83R3jARZpUvl2wsk5psFqxRwJzhxgn2Y10ulQO1_Mso5BKC2XXhTBsggFkH_EHGREqLFGZeA==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
26. Zhou X, Cheng H, Chen C. Preschool teacher education and the allocation and optimization of elements in the relationship between the demand and supply of preschool education teachers: Taking the development of preschool education majors in universities in Zhejiang Province as an example. Modern Educ Sci 2020; 2020(1):78-84+89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13980/j.cnki.xdjykx.2020.01.014
27. Long H. Issues with high-quality development of preschool education in western ethnic minority regions and promotion strategies. J Northwest Norm Univ (Soc Sci Ed) 2021;2021(6):57-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16783/j.cnki.nwnus.2021.06.007
28. Wang L. The content of kindergarten teacher qualification exams in the context of the professionalization of preschool staff (master’s thesis). Southwest University. 2012. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWEVYu_RBDTNviWC3zLdAfJHmcH_FYSYdHDsWxg5RpNotp6XqNbp8ZNlARFxtnL8dcsxQz7BnD3R8sUB9muQ7vItrFmEhTf727O4V1kRwLNgX0DlDSKno32Qp50tF8PA58lBw1QrOE2Wg==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
29. Wu W. Kindergarten teacher qualification examinations: The significance, problems, and countermeasures. J Wuhan Engin Vocat Tech Coll 2020; 2020(1):54-57. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWGT2Nt0DgP9-2ezhF28T1khO6VoPLCrQ4ZCUYu_6QnflvuoWul1l_ZmRKPAWMRz9qPp8fAbYRRbgTQKH8fsSXLlvlEleCcfEm9cHv5T9ryrRDKcnoGvCbHj6kHQYaixA=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
30. Tian L. The Current State of Educational Research Capabilities of Preschool Teachers and Influencing Factors (master’s thesis). Shihezi University. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27332/dcnki.gshzu.2023.000682
31. Jia Y. Professional Development of Preschool Teachers: The Status Quo, Challenges, and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Central China Normal University. 2017. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWF4yx6P67rndkTIHUuxkQUprYv2EnSUoIwBLkEKuTd7Ly_V4HdBfU_DmccQbIlmctwhHIQP6bK6KGY0He7DynAr_8oOFT2Rm2pai8fkAgncrDxOZJinetqwolVhJQ3guZD6VGJdzlXmw==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
32. Zhang A. Where has the preschool teacher’s time gone? (master’s thesis). Shenyang Normal University. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000573
33. Feng X, Zhou J. Building national wealth: A profile of the UNESCO’s first World Conference on Early Childhood Care and Education. Stud Presch Educ 2011; 2011(1):20-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2011.01.006
34. Xue E, Fu W. Strategic planning and top-level design of educational reform in the new era: Analysis of the spirit, backdrop, strategies, and policies of the National Education Conference. J Henan Univ (Soc Sci Ed) 2019; 2019(1):11-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15991/j.cnki.411028.2019.01.002
35. Huo C, Tang Z, Li R. Challenges to policies on building high-quality preschool teaching forces and practical paths: Based on the theory of policy tools. Theory Pract Contemp Educ 2023; 2023(1):141-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13582/j.cnki.1674-5884.2023.01.024
36. Wu Z, Huang X, Qu L. Considerations of the Legislation of Preschool Education in China. Fudan Educ Forum 2018; 2018(1):35-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13397/j.cnki.fef.2018.01.007
37. Lei M, Zeng B. The rural preschool teacher supply in the new era: The significance, challenges, and development paths. J Chengdu Norm Univ 2023; 2023(11):117-124. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsihax-19miZ2zgn1dDat7Ym40Jtkb5YRE8Eu1jEP1vpgtL_YCtpHhBOJ8cxK7RmtbOTp9OZXxTW3p63aiUdmzGqND6AcebQyqwcb1TG0Lox7l3jNn1Jk3sL&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
38. Yang T, Wu Z. Paths and mechanisms for the development of preschool education in the context of lifelong education: An interpretation of the Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft). Modern Dist Educ 2020; 2020(5):18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13927/j.cnki.yuan.20201119.002
39. Diao L, Yang L, Qiu D. Strategies for improving the professionalism of pre-service teachers in preschool teachers’ vocational colleges. Knowl Base 2023; 2023(16):195-198. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsig7oi9gqerth5lzm7f9ep51ysge0i5y3q77-K3SiXJOae4dMPp8xq49W_QsGJNg1I1uToD1Y4lex5ReJpYIP1kf1PmtghB8k6UOTQHL1ER3ys7NNcvlFYCRBkUyDoCbW_A=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
40. He M. Paths to the professional development of preschool teachers in the new era under the backdrop of digital education. Gansu Educ Res 2023; 2023(2):8-11. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsiig1b3nfcmak-4ZgYgFApczwwpLeDunbtq_PlVOMpMtUCbdmaAnv3I40f_Lr1oEU9TbuxF_Bffx7LcFZdDSeyiktwt1qkqtNVU7CB9C0NH7yGjozcW3yKEtVaFdta0Y=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
2. Yan G. Melding Education and Psychology. People’s Education Press. 2011.
3. Huang R. Preschool Education. People’s Education Press. 1989.
4. Qin Y. From the “undereducated” to “professionals:” The evolution of Chinese kindergarten teachers’ professional identity. Stud Presch Educ 2009;2009(10):12-16. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=tzo8jwpg6ujgzps0hl__l6lgfiy07m22206z9ckq7dmtyrvn3enwkxsg8taf0ojv-KvMPhowGDeGBaF-UC5dVYVxWL26TrORGLi7hmi_53Cm3n_AnGQyREqUS6pSlKG&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
5. Ye L. Teachers’ Roles and Teacher Development. Education Science Publishing House. 2001.
6. Zhang B, Yu Y. Well-run preschool education depends on scientific notions of education. Fujian Educ 2019; 2019(3):6. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=tzo8jwpg6ujcp8mrflokmcawgvddurufggax2tukmbtupjxoqngkwtjpjo8zemfxverhf4orquysjc6fiia3rtb1v2xzmaxfhnjv-ZioEiWKldt-kz4u6Pvu2KATrWQ2WKW1LTJQ=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
7. Bloom BS. Stability and change in human characteristics: Implications for school reorganization. Educ Admin Quarter 1966; 2(1):35-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X6600200103
8. Ding H. Professionalism of kindergarten teachers and its foundations. Stud Presch Educ 2015;2015(11):21-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2015.11.003
9. Wortham SC (Ed.). Common Characteristics and Unique Qualities in Preschool Programs: Global Perspectives in Early Childhood Education (Vol. 5). Springer Science & Business Media. 2012.
10. Wang Y. Scientific planning for the education and training of kindergarten teachers: considerations of the practical implementation of the “Guidelines for Learning and Development of 3-6-year-old Children.” Stud Presch Educ 2014; 2014(10):58-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2014.10.009
11. Ding H. Multiple competences in one profession: The most prominent characteristic of kindergarten teachers. Early Childh Educ 2018;2018(13):6-7. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=tzo8jwpg6uhkt8wwa4_hsd618-7WzR_QLBGn3AsAy9RHnOHYKjbBBlr8MDZpGZNAI_Za1wz7Js5VvNyTSg0M2y9DRqzu7laci_RSvh3H7lx2lsb54cBjlXzczSYp3RA_N2-vd1M7Zg=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
12. Tan Z. Direction strategies of the preschool teacher for children’s area-specific play. Inspirat Wisdom 2020; 2020(8):28. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWGI8t5LKWXY46ypeNS_PigQ3Joe76hUcztztRZH3qFfmTKLsjnBnZUxecw4Ov-g7RMa0PKXNyY3Swda_NX6nsNoJAoQwAM1JwkN1lFzVZcqMlUH8pn23herXTzDu-7ktVQ=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
13. Ministry of Education of China. Strategies for Kindergarten Education Development. People’s Education Press. 1981.
14. Ministry of Education of China. Regulations of Teacher Qualifications. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/sjzl_zcfg/zcfg_jyxzfg/202204/t20220422_620496.html
15. Ministry of Education of China. Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Vigorously Promoting the Reform of Teacher Education Curriculum. 2011. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/a10/s6991/201110/t20111008_145604.html
16. Ministry of Education of China. Notice of the Ministry of Education on Issuing the “Professional Standards of Kindergarten, Primary, and Secondary Teachers (Trial).” 2012. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/a10/s6991/201209/t20120913_145603.html
17. Liu J. Institutional Support for Professional Development of Kindergarten Teachers (doctoral dissertation). Central China Normal University. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2018.000287
18. Gao J, Cao X. The predicament of on-site practice in preschool teacher education and solutions: An analysis from the perspectives of cognitive apprenticeship and response theories. Res Educ Develop 2018(8):52-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2018.08.08.010
19. Wang M. Teacher Staffing in Private Kindergartens in the New Era (master’s thesis). Central China Normal University. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2021-002662
20. Ku J. Practical Research on Professional Ethics of Kindergarten Teachers in the New Era (master’s thesis). 2022. Shanxi Normal University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27287/dcnki.gsxsu.2022.000304
21. Zhao N. Peculiarities of preschool education and requirements for preschool teachers. Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University 2015;2015(06):79-86. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsijmdt6ffwztfntpxckucpgt5be-UCL_O5pRnOVdExbfsjWSgfyOJ2oF73Lzq6pP8a_-Nljum2rKAkp_BCQhD0MigBd6Fx7uA40Ukr0cbxv66qYLuyrusUJYj24odZA48=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
22. Xia W. Self and Others: A Study on Self Understanding of Professional Identity in Preschool Teachers (doctoral dissertation). Sichuan Normal University. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27347/d.cnki.gssdu.2022.001220
23. Chen J, An Y. The significance, challenges, and reconstruction of self-education in preschool teachers. Educ Explor 2023:2023(0):1-6. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWGWM1N9H50hOJUKiqu4I4iJyTi_1v_GTtv-A806byl6xrNmpgzqJqxV4NY_4bdjhTvMmPxXASFFOd0muQWeLv3HQGxfkKJNTPT5W13P_D7DBbvRXZUDE-TQ6hXSb4tPu4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
24. Zhang M. The Professional Identity of Novice Kindergarten Teachers and Improvement Strategies (master’s thesis). Xi’an Foreign Studies University. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27815/dcnki.gxawd.2021.000031
25. Liu T. Curriculum Design for Preschool Teacher Education in Higher Education Institutions (doctoral dissertation). 2015. Central China Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWFxwY7G2Lg73Alt4cIIJFLrPOWEiZaPZMduMsm0I_SfXRZycyiYKsQ6tz7430OIXyu2V83R3jARZpUvl2wsk5psFqxRwJzhxgn2Y10ulQO1_Mso5BKC2XXhTBsggFkH_EHGREqLFGZeA==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
26. Zhou X, Cheng H, Chen C. Preschool teacher education and the allocation and optimization of elements in the relationship between the demand and supply of preschool education teachers: Taking the development of preschool education majors in universities in Zhejiang Province as an example. Modern Educ Sci 2020; 2020(1):78-84+89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13980/j.cnki.xdjykx.2020.01.014
27. Long H. Issues with high-quality development of preschool education in western ethnic minority regions and promotion strategies. J Northwest Norm Univ (Soc Sci Ed) 2021;2021(6):57-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16783/j.cnki.nwnus.2021.06.007
28. Wang L. The content of kindergarten teacher qualification exams in the context of the professionalization of preschool staff (master’s thesis). Southwest University. 2012. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWEVYu_RBDTNviWC3zLdAfJHmcH_FYSYdHDsWxg5RpNotp6XqNbp8ZNlARFxtnL8dcsxQz7BnD3R8sUB9muQ7vItrFmEhTf727O4V1kRwLNgX0DlDSKno32Qp50tF8PA58lBw1QrOE2Wg==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
29. Wu W. Kindergarten teacher qualification examinations: The significance, problems, and countermeasures. J Wuhan Engin Vocat Tech Coll 2020; 2020(1):54-57. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWGT2Nt0DgP9-2ezhF28T1khO6VoPLCrQ4ZCUYu_6QnflvuoWul1l_ZmRKPAWMRz9qPp8fAbYRRbgTQKH8fsSXLlvlEleCcfEm9cHv5T9ryrRDKcnoGvCbHj6kHQYaixA=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
30. Tian L. The Current State of Educational Research Capabilities of Preschool Teachers and Influencing Factors (master’s thesis). Shihezi University. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27332/dcnki.gshzu.2023.000682
31. Jia Y. Professional Development of Preschool Teachers: The Status Quo, Challenges, and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Central China Normal University. 2017. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=z-Q19lQZUWF4yx6P67rndkTIHUuxkQUprYv2EnSUoIwBLkEKuTd7Ly_V4HdBfU_DmccQbIlmctwhHIQP6bK6KGY0He7DynAr_8oOFT2Rm2pai8fkAgncrDxOZJinetqwolVhJQ3guZD6VGJdzlXmw==uniplatform=NZKPTlanguage=CHS
32. Zhang A. Where has the preschool teacher’s time gone? (master’s thesis). Shenyang Normal University. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000573
33. Feng X, Zhou J. Building national wealth: A profile of the UNESCO’s first World Conference on Early Childhood Care and Education. Stud Presch Educ 2011; 2011(1):20-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2011.01.006
34. Xue E, Fu W. Strategic planning and top-level design of educational reform in the new era: Analysis of the spirit, backdrop, strategies, and policies of the National Education Conference. J Henan Univ (Soc Sci Ed) 2019; 2019(1):11-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15991/j.cnki.411028.2019.01.002
35. Huo C, Tang Z, Li R. Challenges to policies on building high-quality preschool teaching forces and practical paths: Based on the theory of policy tools. Theory Pract Contemp Educ 2023; 2023(1):141-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13582/j.cnki.1674-5884.2023.01.024
36. Wu Z, Huang X, Qu L. Considerations of the Legislation of Preschool Education in China. Fudan Educ Forum 2018; 2018(1):35-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13397/j.cnki.fef.2018.01.007
37. Lei M, Zeng B. The rural preschool teacher supply in the new era: The significance, challenges, and development paths. J Chengdu Norm Univ 2023; 2023(11):117-124. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsihax-19miZ2zgn1dDat7Ym40Jtkb5YRE8Eu1jEP1vpgtL_YCtpHhBOJ8cxK7RmtbOTp9OZXxTW3p63aiUdmzGqND6AcebQyqwcb1TG0Lox7l3jNn1Jk3sL&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
38. Yang T, Wu Z. Paths and mechanisms for the development of preschool education in the context of lifelong education: An interpretation of the Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft). Modern Dist Educ 2020; 2020(5):18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13927/j.cnki.yuan.20201119.002
39. Diao L, Yang L, Qiu D. Strategies for improving the professionalism of pre-service teachers in preschool teachers’ vocational colleges. Knowl Base 2023; 2023(16):195-198. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsig7oi9gqerth5lzm7f9ep51ysge0i5y3q77-K3SiXJOae4dMPp8xq49W_QsGJNg1I1uToD1Y4lex5ReJpYIP1kf1PmtghB8k6UOTQHL1ER3ys7NNcvlFYCRBkUyDoCbW_A=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
40. He M. Paths to the professional development of preschool teachers in the new era under the backdrop of digital education. Gansu Educ Res 2023; 2023(2):8-11. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=zjxhfrrmsiig1b3nfcmak-4ZgYgFApczwwpLeDunbtq_PlVOMpMtUCbdmaAnv3I40f_Lr1oEU9TbuxF_Bffx7LcFZdDSeyiktwt1qkqtNVU7CB9C0NH7yGjozcW3yKEtVaFdta0Y=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
How to Cite
Zhou, X. (2023). Issues with the Development of Professional Preschool Teaching Staff in China and Developmental Strategies. Science Insights, 43(6), 1197–1203. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re850
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