Water Pollution: The Problems and Solutions
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Published
Feb 29, 2024
Abstract
Water pollution is an urgent and formidable global concern that presents substantial risks to both ecosystems and human well-being. A wide variety of substances, including industrial discharges, agricultural effluent, and urban wastewater, contribute to water contamination. It is critical to comprehend the origins and consequences of water pollution to devise efficacious measures to alleviate its effects. This article presents a comprehensive examination of the issues linked to water pollution, investigates contemporary strategies employed to tackle this ecological predicament, and deliberates on inventive resolutions and cooperative initiatives designed to safeguard the integrity of our water reserves for posterity.
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Keywords
Water Pollution, Causes, Solutions, Ecosystems, Human Future
References
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2. Siddiqua A, Hahladakis JN, Al-Attiya WAKA. An overview of the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling and open dumping. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29(39):58514-58536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21578-z
3. Burkholder J, Libra B, Weyer P, Heathcote S, Kolpin D, Thorne PS, Wichman M. Impacts of waste from concentrated animal feeding operations on water quality. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115(2):308-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8839
4. Ingrao C, Strippoli R, Lagioia G, Huisingh D. Water scarcity in agriculture: An overview of causes, impacts and approaches for reducing the risks. Heliyon 2023; 9(8):e18507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18507
5. Soliman ES, Hassan RA, Farid DS. The efficiency of natural-ecofriendly clay filters on water purification for improving performance and immunity in broiler chickens. Open Vet J 2021; 11(3):483-499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i3.22
6. Naidoo S, Olaniran AO. Treated wastewater effluent as a source of microbial pollution of surface water resources. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013; 11(1):249-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110100249
7. Hama Aziz KH, Mustafa FS, Omer KM, Hama S, Hamarawf RF, Rahman KO. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment: Efficient and low-cost removal approaches to eliminate their toxicity: A review. RSC Adv 2023; 13(26):17595-17610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra00723e
8. Emenike EC, Okorie CJ, Ojeyemi T, Egbemhenghe A, Iwuozor KO, Saliu OD, Okoro HK, Adeniyi AG. From oceans to dinner plates: The impact of microplastics on human health. Heliyon 2023; 9(10):e20440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20440
9. Kazmi SSUH, Yapa N, Karunarathna SC, Suwannarach N. Perceived intensification in harmful algal blooms is a wave of cumulative threat to the aquatic ecosystems. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11(6):852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060852
10. Shetty SS, D D, S H, Sonkusare S, Naik PB, Kumari N S, Madhyastha H. Environmental pollutants and their effects on human health. Heliyon 2023; 9(9):e19496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19496
11. Gonsioroski A, Mourikes VE, Flaws JA. Endocrine disruptors in water and their effects on the reproductive system. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(6):1929. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061929
12. Lu J. Turnover of environmental protection officials and transboundary water pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28(8):10207-10223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11530-4
13. Prata JC, Silva ALP, da Costa JP, Mouneyrac C, Walker TR, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. Solutions and integrated strategies for the control and mitigation of plastic and microplastic pollution. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16(13):2411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132411
14. Štrbac S, Kašanin-Grubin M, Pezo L, Stojić N, Lončar B, Ćurčić L, Pucarević M. Green infrastructure designed through nature-based solutions for sustainable urban development. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20(2):1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021102
15. Matos C, Monteiro CM, Santos C, Briga-Sá A and Imteaz MA (2023) Editorial: Urban nature-based solutions and green infrastructure as strategies for climate change adaptation. Front Environ Sci 2023; 11:1256044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1256044
16. Cevallos-Mendoza J, Amorim CG, Rodríguez-Díaz JM, Montenegro MDCBSM. Removal of contaminants from water by membrane filtration: A review. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12(6):570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060570
17. Bala S, Garg D, Thirumalesh BV, Sharma M, Sridhar K, Inbaraj BS, Tripathi M. Recent strategies for bioremediation of emerging pollutants: A review for a green and sustainable environment. Toxics 2022; 10(8):484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080484
18. Xue W, Macleod J, Blaxland J. The use of ozone technology to control microorganism growth, enhance food safety and extend shelf life: A promising food decontamination technology. Foods 2023; 12(4):814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040814
19. Li Q, Song P, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang N, An Q. CNTs intercalated LDH composite membrane for water purification with high permeance. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 12(1):59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010059
20. Saleem H, Zaidi SJ. Developments in the application of nanomaterials for water treatment and their impact on the environment. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10(9):1764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091764
21. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Summary of the Clean Water Act. Last access: January 12, 2024. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act
22. United States Environmental Protection Agency. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Last access: January 12, 2024. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/npdes#:~:text=What%20is%20NPDES%3F,waters%20of%20the%20United%20States
23. Nti EK, Cobbina SJ, Attafuah EE, Senanu LD, Amenyeku G, Gyan MA, Forson D, Safo AR. Water pollution control and revitalization using advanced technologies: Uncovering artificial intelligence options towards environmental health protection, sustainability and water security. Heliyon 2023; 9(7):e18170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18170
24. United Nations. Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all. Last access: January 12, 2024. Available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/
25. UNFCCC NAP Central. Global Water Partnership. Last access: January 12, 2024. Available at: https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NAPC/Support/Pages/GWP.aspx
26. European Commission. Water Framework Directive. Last access: January 12, 2024. Available at: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/water-framework-directive_en
27. Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC. Bioremediation techniques-classification based on site of application: Principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32(11):180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2137-x
How to Cite
Yadav, S. C. (2024). Water Pollution: The Problems and Solutions. Science Insights, 44(2), 1245–1251. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.24.re905
Issue
Section
Review
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