Farmland Abandonment Worldwide: The Detrimental Factor of Agricultural Crisis
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Published
Feb 28, 2025
Abstract
The abandonment of agricultural land has emerged as a pressing global concern, influenced by a multitude of contributing factors. In numerous nations, the swift processes of urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the disregard for agricultural land, as attention shifts towards more lucrative enterprises. Moreover, shifting climate patterns and extreme meteorological phenomena have rendered it progressively more difficult for agriculturalists to manage their land with efficacy. The abandonment of agricultural land can result in severe repercussions for food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, as agricultural lands remain uncultivated, they may face the threat of degradation and a decline in biodiversity. It is imperative for governments and international organizations to prioritize the formulation of policies that bolster the agricultural sector and provide incentives for farmers to persist in cultivating their land. By tackling the fundamental causes of farmland abandonment, we can secure the resilience and productivity of agricultural systems for future generations.
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Keywords
Farmland Abandonment, Sustainability, World Economy, Agriculture
Supporting Agencies
No funding source declared.
References
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Cerdà, A. (1997). Soil erosion after land abandonment in a semiarid environment of southeastern Spain. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 11(2), 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324989709381469
Chaudhary, S., Wang, Y., Dixit, A. M., Khanal, N. R., Xu, P., Fu, B., Yan, K., Liu, Q., Lu, Y., & Li, M. (2020). A synopsis of farmland abandonment and its driving factors in Nepal. Land, 9(3), 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9030084
Chaudhary, S., Wang, Y., Dixit, A. M., Khanal, N. R., Xu, P., Yan, K., Liu, Q., Lu, Y., & Li, M. (2019). Eco-Environmental risk evaluation for land use planning in areas of potential farmland abandonment in the high mountains of Nepal Himalayas. Sustainability, 11(24), 6931. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246931
Chen, Q., Xie, H., & Zhai, Q. (2022). Management policy of farmers’ cultivated land abandonment behavior based on evolutionary game and simulation analysis. Land, 11(3), 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11030336
Cramer, V., Hobbs, R., & Standish, R. (2008). What’s new about old fields? Land abandonment and ecosystem assembly. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23(2), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.005
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Khanal, N. R., & Watanabe, T. (2006). Abandonment of Agricultural Land and Its Consequences. Mountain Research and Development, 26(1), 32-40.
Klimek, S., Lohss, G., & Gabriel, D. (2014). Modelling the spatial distribution of species-rich farmland to identify priority areas for conservation actions. Biological Conservation, 174, 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.03.019
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Lasanta, T., Arnáez, J., & Nadal-Romero, E. (2019). Soil degradation, restoration and management in abandoned and afforested lands. In Advances in chemical pollution, environmental management and protection (pp. 71-117). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apmp.2019.07.002
Lesschen, J. P., Cammeraat, L. H., & Nieman, T. (2008). Erosion and terrace failure due to agricultural land abandonment in a semi-arid environment. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33(10), 1574-1584. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1676
Li, S., & Li, X. (2017). Global understanding of farmland abandonment: A review and prospects. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(9), 1123-1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-017-1426-0
Mpandeli, S., & Maponya, P. (2014). Constraints and challenges facing the small scale farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(4), 135. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p135
Musse, S. A. (2021). Exploring the cornerstone factors that cause water scarcity in some parts of Africa, possible adaptation strategies and quest for food security. Agricultural Sciences, 12(06), 700-712. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2021.126045
Nawaz, M. F., Bourrié, G., & Trolard, F. (2012). Soil compaction impact and modelling. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(2), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0071-8
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Stringer, L., Fraser, E., Harris, D., Lyon, C., Pereira, L., Ward, C., & Simelton, E. (2019). Adaptation and development pathways for different types of farmers. Environmental Science & Policy, 104, 174-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.10.007
Sulieman, H. M., & Buchroithner, M. F. (2009). Degradation and abandonment of mechanized rain-fed agricultural land in the Southern Gadarif region, Sudan: the local farmers’ perception. Land Degradation and Development, 20(2), 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.894
Uematsu, Y., Koga, T., Mitsuhashi, H., & Ushimaru, A. (2009). Abandonment and intensified use of agricultural land decrease habitats of rare herbs in semi-natural grasslands. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 135(4), 304-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.10.010
Ustaoğlu, E., & Collier, M. J. (2018). Farmland abandonment in Europe: an overview of drivers, consequences, and assessment of the sustainability implications. Environmental Reviews, 26(4), 396-416. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0001
Valliant, J. C., Ruhf, K. Z., Gibson, K. D., Brooks, J., & Farmer, J. R. (2019). Fostering farm transfers from farm owners to unrelated, new farmers: A qualitative assessment of farm link services. Land Use Policy, 86, 438-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.004
van der Zanden, E. H., Verburg, P. H., Schulp, C. J., & Verkerk, P. J. (2017). Trade-offs of European agricultural abandonment. Land Use Policy, 62, 290-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.003
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Wang, Y., Peng, P., Li, Q., Chen, Z., & Tang, W. (2020). Spatial heterogeneity of farmland abandonment in the Sichuan province, China. Sustainability, 12(8), 3356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083356
Wright, J. B., & Anella, A. (2007). Saving the Ranch: Fresh eyes on taxes, development, and conservation easements: Conservation easements provide a surprising diversity of alternative strategies for maintaining the ranch. Rangelands, 29(3), 13-20.
Xu, D. Y., Chen, Y. J., & Zhang, G. H. (2013). Research on the problems of abandoned farmlands in hilly areas of Sichuan - based on the field research in Nanchong’s Huofeng village. Advanced Materials Research, 726-731, 4976-4980. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4976
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Benayas, J. M. R., Martins, A., Nicolau, J. M., & Schulz, J. J. (2007). Abandonment of agricultural land: an overview of drivers and consequences. CABI Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1079/pavsnnr20072057
Campbell, J. E., Lobell, D. B., Genova, R. C., & Field, C. B. (2008). The global potential of bioenergy on abandoned agriculture lands. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(15), 5791-5794. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800052w
Cerdà, A. (1997). Soil erosion after land abandonment in a semiarid environment of southeastern Spain. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 11(2), 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324989709381469
Chaudhary, S., Wang, Y., Dixit, A. M., Khanal, N. R., Xu, P., Fu, B., Yan, K., Liu, Q., Lu, Y., & Li, M. (2020). A synopsis of farmland abandonment and its driving factors in Nepal. Land, 9(3), 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9030084
Chaudhary, S., Wang, Y., Dixit, A. M., Khanal, N. R., Xu, P., Yan, K., Liu, Q., Lu, Y., & Li, M. (2019). Eco-Environmental risk evaluation for land use planning in areas of potential farmland abandonment in the high mountains of Nepal Himalayas. Sustainability, 11(24), 6931. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246931
Chen, Q., Xie, H., & Zhai, Q. (2022). Management policy of farmers’ cultivated land abandonment behavior based on evolutionary game and simulation analysis. Land, 11(3), 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11030336
Cramer, V., Hobbs, R., & Standish, R. (2008). What’s new about old fields? Land abandonment and ecosystem assembly. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23(2), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.005
Fadeyi, O. A. (2018). Smallholder Agricultural Finance in Nigeria: Literature Review on the research gap. International Journal of New Technology and Research, 4(8). https://doi.org/10.31871/ijntr.4.8.9
Feyen, E., Utz, R., Huertas, I. Z., Bogdan, O., & Moon, J. (2020). Macro-Financial aspects of climate change. In World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9109
Fischer, J., Hartel, T., & Kuemmerle, T. (2012). Conservation policy in traditional farming landscapes. Conservation Letters, 5(3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263x.2012.00227.x
Fletschner, D., & Kenney, L. (2014). Rural women’s access to financial services: credit, savings, and insurance. In Springer eBooks (pp. 187-208). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8616-4_8
Francis, C. A., Hansen, T. E., Fox, A. A., Hesje, P. J., Nelson, H. E., Lawseth, A. E., & English, A. (2012). Farmland conversion to non-agricultural uses in the US and Canada: current impacts and concerns for the future. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 10(1), 8-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2012.649588
Ghasemzadeh, A. (2012). Global issues of food production. Agrotechnology, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9881.1000e102
Havinal, N. R. (2020). The role and potential of information technology in agricultural development. International Journal of Engineering Research And, V9(07). https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is070663
Huang, Y., Li, F., & Xie, H. (2020). A Scientometrics review on farmland abandonment research. Land, 9(8), 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9080263
Husaini, A. M., & Sohail, M. (2024). Agrochemical-free genetically modified and genome-edited crops: Towards achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals and a “greener” green revolution. Journal of Biotechnology, 389, 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.015
Isbell, F., Tilman, D., Reich, P. B., & Clark, A. T. (2019). Deficits of biodiversity and productivity linger a century after agricultural abandonment. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3(11), 1533-1538. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1012-1
Kemkes, R. J., Farley, J., & Koliba, C. J. (2009). Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision. Ecological Economics, 69(11), 2069-2074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032
Key, N. (2019). Larger farms and younger farmers are more vulnerable to financial stress. ideas.repec.org. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/uersaw/302877.html
Khanal, N. R., & Watanabe, T. (2006). Abandonment of Agricultural Land and Its Consequences. Mountain Research and Development, 26(1), 32-40.
Klimek, S., Lohss, G., & Gabriel, D. (2014). Modelling the spatial distribution of species-rich farmland to identify priority areas for conservation actions. Biological Conservation, 174, 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.03.019
Lana-Renault, N., Nadal-Romero, E., Cammeraat, E., & Llorente, J. Á. (2020). Critical environmental issues confirm the relevance of abandoned agricultural land. Water, 12(4), 1119. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041119
Lasanta, T., Arnáez, J., & Nadal-Romero, E. (2019). Soil degradation, restoration and management in abandoned and afforested lands. In Advances in chemical pollution, environmental management and protection (pp. 71-117). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apmp.2019.07.002
Lesschen, J. P., Cammeraat, L. H., & Nieman, T. (2008). Erosion and terrace failure due to agricultural land abandonment in a semi-arid environment. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33(10), 1574-1584. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1676
Li, S., & Li, X. (2017). Global understanding of farmland abandonment: A review and prospects. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(9), 1123-1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-017-1426-0
Mpandeli, S., & Maponya, P. (2014). Constraints and challenges facing the small scale farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(4), 135. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p135
Musse, S. A. (2021). Exploring the cornerstone factors that cause water scarcity in some parts of Africa, possible adaptation strategies and quest for food security. Agricultural Sciences, 12(06), 700-712. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2021.126045
Nawaz, M. F., Bourrié, G., & Trolard, F. (2012). Soil compaction impact and modelling. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(2), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0071-8
Orsini, F., Kahane, R., Nono-Womdim, R., & Gianquinto, G. (2013). Urban agriculture in the developing world: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33(4), 695-720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0143-z
Ortmann, G. F., Patrick, G. F., Musser, W. N., & Doster, D. H. (1992). Sources and management of risk: evidence from leading cornbelt farmers in the USA. Agrekon, 31(4), 216-221. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267540
Paulson, N. D., & Sherrick, B. J. (2009). Impacts of the financial crisis on risk capacity and exposure in agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 91(5), 1414-1421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01357.x
Perrings, C., & Halkos, G. (2015). Agriculture and the threat to biodiversity in sub-saharan africa. Environmental Research Letters, 10(9), 095015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/095015
Potter, C., & Lobley, M. (1992). AGEING AND SUCCESSION ON FAMILY FARMS: The impact on decision-making and land use. Sociologia Ruralis, 32(2-3), 317-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1992.tb00935.x
Rocha, P. F., Ferreira, N. O., Queiroz, D., & Pereira, N. B. (2023). Modular and prefabricated system for waterproofing and insulation of flat roofs. Buildings, 13(6), 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061438
Sakadevan, K., & Nguyen, M. (2010). Extent, impact, and response to soil and water salinity in arid and semiarid regions. In Advances in agronomy (pp. 55-74). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385040-9.00002-5
Samantaray, A., Chattaraj, S., Mitra, D., Ganguly, A., Kumar, R., Gaur, A., Mohapatra, P. K., De Los Santos-Villalobos, S., Rani, A., & Thatoi, H. (2024). Advances in microbial based bio-inoculum for amelioration of soil health and sustainable crop production. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 7, 100251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100251
Sayer, C. A., Fernando, E., Jimenez, R. R., Macfarlane, N. B. W., Rapacciuolo, G., Böhm, M., Brooks, T. M., Contreras-MacBeath, T., Cox, N. A., Harrison, I., Hoffmann, M., Jenkins, R., Smith, K. G., Vié, J., Abbott, J. C., Allen, D. J., Allen, G. R., Barrios, V., Boudot, J., . . . Darwall, W. R. T. (2025). One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08375-z
Schirpke, U., Leitinger, G., Tasser, E., Schermer, M., Steinbacher, M., & Tappeiner, U. (2012). Multiple ecosystem services of a changing Alpine landscape: past, present and future. International Journal of Biodiversity Science Ecosystems Services & Management, 9(2), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2012.751936
Sims, B., & Kienzle, J. (2017). Sustainable agricultural mechanization for smallholders: What is it and how can we implement it? Agriculture, 7(6), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7060050
Stringer, L., Fraser, E., Harris, D., Lyon, C., Pereira, L., Ward, C., & Simelton, E. (2019). Adaptation and development pathways for different types of farmers. Environmental Science & Policy, 104, 174-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.10.007
Sulieman, H. M., & Buchroithner, M. F. (2009). Degradation and abandonment of mechanized rain-fed agricultural land in the Southern Gadarif region, Sudan: the local farmers’ perception. Land Degradation and Development, 20(2), 199-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.894
Uematsu, Y., Koga, T., Mitsuhashi, H., & Ushimaru, A. (2009). Abandonment and intensified use of agricultural land decrease habitats of rare herbs in semi-natural grasslands. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 135(4), 304-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2009.10.010
Ustaoğlu, E., & Collier, M. J. (2018). Farmland abandonment in Europe: an overview of drivers, consequences, and assessment of the sustainability implications. Environmental Reviews, 26(4), 396-416. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0001
Valliant, J. C., Ruhf, K. Z., Gibson, K. D., Brooks, J., & Farmer, J. R. (2019). Fostering farm transfers from farm owners to unrelated, new farmers: A qualitative assessment of farm link services. Land Use Policy, 86, 438-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.004
van der Zanden, E. H., Verburg, P. H., Schulp, C. J., & Verkerk, P. J. (2017). Trade-offs of European agricultural abandonment. Land Use Policy, 62, 290-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.003
Verma, N. P., Devi, D., Sinha, B., & Patry, A. S. (2017). Role of microorganisms for the sustainable use of soil pollution abutment in agriculture lands. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(11), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.038
Wang, Y., Peng, P., Li, Q., Chen, Z., & Tang, W. (2020). Spatial heterogeneity of farmland abandonment in the Sichuan province, China. Sustainability, 12(8), 3356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083356
Wright, J. B., & Anella, A. (2007). Saving the Ranch: Fresh eyes on taxes, development, and conservation easements: Conservation easements provide a surprising diversity of alternative strategies for maintaining the ranch. Rangelands, 29(3), 13-20.
Xu, D. Y., Chen, Y. J., & Zhang, G. H. (2013). Research on the problems of abandoned farmlands in hilly areas of Sichuan - based on the field research in Nanchong’s Huofeng village. Advanced Materials Research, 726-731, 4976-4980. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4976
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How to Cite
Maxwell, S. (2025). Farmland Abandonment Worldwide: The Detrimental Factor of Agricultural Crisis. Science Insights, 46(2), 1741–1748. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.25.re1150
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