On the Immunotherapy for Tumors
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Published
Aug 28, 2022
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has made major strides in recent years, greatly enhancing the survival rate of cancer patients. Tumor vaccines, cellular immunotherapy, immunomodulatory medicines targeting T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and other forms of immunotherapy treatments have all developed one after the other. As new high-tech technologies emerge, tumor immunotherapy techniques are also continuously improved.
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Keywords
Immunotherapy, Tumor, Survival, Antibody, Inhibitors
References
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2. da Silva JL, Dos Santos ALS, Nunes NCC, de Moraes Lino da Silva F, Ferreira CGM, de Melo AC. Cancer immunotherapy: The art of targeting the tumor immune microenvironment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84(2):227-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-019-03894-3
3. Ai L, Chen J, Yan H, He Q, Luo P, Xu Z, Yang X. Research status and outlook of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:3625-3649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S267433
4. Lizardo DY, Kuang C, Hao S, Yu J, Huang Y, Zhang L. Immunotherapy efficacy on mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer: From bench to bedside. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874(2):188447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188447
5. Picard E, Verschoor CP, Ma GW, Pawelec G. Relationships between immune landscapes, genetic subtypes and responses to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00369
6. Malone ER, Oliva M, Sabatini PJB, Stockley TL, Siu LL. Molecular profiling for precision cancer therapies. Genome Med 2020; 12(1):8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-019-0703-1
7. Moding EJ, Liu Y, Nabet BY, Chabon JJ, Chaudhuri AA, Hui AB, Bonilla RF, Ko RB, Yoo CH, Gojenola L, Jones CD, He J, Qiao Y, Xu T, Heymach JV, Tsao A, Liao Z, Gomez DR, Das M, Padda SK, Ramchandran KJ, Neal JW, Wakelee HA, Loo BW Jr, Lin SH, Alizadeh AA, Diehn M. Circulating tumor DNA dynamics predict benefit from consolidation immunotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Cancer 2020; 1(2):176-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-019-0011-0
8. Bai R, Lv Z, Xu D, Cui J. Predictive biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Biomark Res 2020; 8:34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-020-00209-0
9. Biswas N, Chakrabarti S. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems biology approaches in multi-omics data analysis of cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:588221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.588221
10. Petitprez F, Meylan M, de Reyniès A, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. The tumor microenvironment in the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:784. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00784
11. He K, Barsoumian HB, Sezen D, Puebla-Osorio N, Hsu EY, Verma V, Abana CO, Chen D, Patel RR, Gu M, Cortez MA, Welsh JW. Pulsed radiation therapy to improve systemic control of metastatic cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.737425
12. Bauml JM, Mick R, Ciunci C, Aggarwal C, Davis C, Evans T, Deshpande C, Miller L, Patel P, Alley E, Knepley C, Mutale F, Cohen RB, Langer CJ. Pembrolizumab after completion of locally ablative therapy for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A phase 2 trial. JAMA Oncol 2019; 5(9):1283-1290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1449
13. Emens LA, Middleton G. The interplay of immunotherapy and chemotherapy: Harnessing potential synergies. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3(5):436-443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-15-0064
14. Zhu S, Zhang T, Zheng L, Liu H, Song W, Liu D, Li Z, Pan CX. Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14(1):156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-021-01164-5
15. Zhou Y, Lin Z, Zhang X, Chen C, Zhao H, Hong S, Zhang L. First-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma and high PD-L1 expression: pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7(1):120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-019-0600-6
16. Hellmann MD, Paz-Ares L, Bernabe Caro R, Zurawski B, Kim SW, Carcereny Costa E, Park K, Alexandru A, Lupinacci L, de la Mora Jimenez E, Sakai H, Albert I, Vergnenegre A, Peters S, Syrigos K, Barlesi F, Reck M, Borghaei H, Brahmer JR, O'Byrne KJ, Geese WJ, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Rabindran SK, Kasinathan RS, Nathan FE, Ramalingam SS. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2019; 381(21):2020-2031. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910231
17. Paz-Ares L, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M, Schenker M, Zurawski B, Menezes J, Richardet E, Bennouna J, Felip E, Juan-Vidal O, Alexandru A, Sakai H, Lingua A, Salman P, Souquet PJ, De Marchi P, Martin C, Pérol M, Scherpereel A, Lu S, John T, Carbone DP, Meadows-Shropshire S, Agrawal S, Oukessou A, Yan J, Reck M. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 9LA): An international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22(2):198-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30641-0. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol 2021; 22(3):e92.
18. Maruhashi T, Sugiura D, Okazaki IM, Okazaki T. LAG-3: From molecular functions to clinical applications. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8(2):e001014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001014
19. Ni L, Dong C. New B7 family checkpoints in human cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16(7):1203-1211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-16-0761
20. Liu F, Wei Y, Zhang H, Jiang J, Zhang P, Chu Q. NTRK fusion in non-small cell lung cancer: Diagnosis, therapy, and TRK inhibitor resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.864666
21. Diab A, Tannir NM, Bentebibel SE, Hwu P, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Haymaker C, Kluger HM, Gettinger SN, Sznol M, Tykodi SS, Curti BD, Tagliaferri MA, Zalevsky J, Hannah AL, Hoch U, Aung S, Fanton C, Rizwan A, Iacucci E, Liao Y, Bernatchez C, Hurwitz ME, Cho DC. Bempegaldesleukin (NKTR-214) plus nivolumab in patients with advanced solid tumors: Phase I dose-escalation study of safety, efficacy, and immune activation (PIVOT-02). Cancer Discov 2020; 10(8):1158-1173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-1510
22. Pourakbari R, Hajizadeh F, Parhizkar F, Aghebati-Maleki A, Mansouri S, Aghebati-Maleki L. Co-stimulatory agonists: An insight into the immunotherapy of cancer. EXCLI J 2021; 20:1055-1085. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2021-3522
23. Strauss J, Heery CR, Schlom J, Madan RA, Cao L, Kang Z, Lamping E, Marté JL, Donahue RN, Grenga I, Cordes L, Christensen O, Mahnke L, Helwig C, Gulley JL. Phase I trial of M7824 (MSB0011359C), a bifunctional fusion protein targeting PD-L1 and TGFβ, in advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24(6):1287-1295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2653
24. Prabhu SA, Moussa O, Miller WH Jr, Del Rincón SV. The MNK1/2-eIF4E axis as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(11):4055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114055
25. Yang K, Li J, Sun Z, Zhao L, Bai C. Retreatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors: A systematic review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920975353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1758835920975353
26. Sennino B, McDonald DM. Controlling escape from angiogenesis inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 2012 Oct; 12(10):699-709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3366
27. Motzer RJ, Penkov K, Haanen J, Rini B, Albiges L, Campbell MT, Venugopal B, Kollmannsberger C, Negrier S, Uemura M, Lee JL, Vasiliev A, Miller WH Jr, Gurney H, Schmidinger M, Larkin J, Atkins MB, Bedke J, Alekseev B, Wang J, Mariani M, Robbins PB, Chudnovsky A, Fowst C, Hariharan S, Huang B, di Pietro A, Choueiri TK. Avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2019; 380(12):1103-1115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1816047
28. Powles T, Plimack ER, Soulières D, Waddell T, Stus V, Gafanov R, Nosov D, Pouliot F, Melichar B, Vynnychenko I, Azevedo SJ, Borchiellini D, McDermott RS, Bedke J, Tamada S, Yin L, Chen M, Molife LR, Atkins MB, Rini BI. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib monotherapy as first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-426): Extended follow-up from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21(12):1563-1573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30436-8. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol 2020; 21(12):e553.
29. Burtness B, Harrington KJ, Greil R, Soulières D, Tahara M, de Castro G Jr, Psyrri A, Basté N, Neupane P, Bratland Å, Fuereder T, Hughes BGM, Mesía R, Ngamphaiboon N, Rordorf T, Wan Ishak WZ, Hong RL, González Mendoza R, Roy A, Zhang Y, Gumuscu B, Cheng JD, Jin F, Rischin D; KEYNOTE-048 Investigators. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 2019; 394(10212):1915-1928. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32591-7. Erratum in: Lancet 2020; 395(10220):272. Erratum in: Lancet 2020; 395(10224):564. Erratum in: Lancet 2021; 397(10291):2252.
30. Liao JY, Zhang S. Safety and efficacy of personalized cancer vaccines in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.663264
31. Richard G, Princiotta MF, Bridon D, Martin WD, Steinberg GD, De Groot AS. Neoantigen-based personalized cancer vaccines: The emergence of precision cancer immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21(2):173-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2022.2012456
32. Blass E, Ott PA. Advances in the development of personalized neoantigen-based therapeutic cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18(4):215-229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-020-00460-2
33. Bai RL, Chen NF, Li LY, Cui JW. A brand new era of cancer immunotherapy: Breakthroughs and challenges. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134(11):1267-1275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000001490
34. Kim CG, Sang YB, Lee JH, Chon HJ. Combining cancer vaccines with immunotherapy: Establishing a new immunological approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22(15):8035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158035
35. Saavedra D, Crombet T. CIMAvax-EGF: A new therapeutic vaccine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00269
36. Sterner RC, Sterner RM. CAR-T cell therapy: Current limitations and potential strategies. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11(4):69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-021-00459-7
37. Zheng J, Huang J, Ma W, Yang W, Hu B. The antitumor activity of CAR-T-PD1 cells enhanced by HPV16mE7-pulsed and SOCS1-silenced DCs in cervical cancer models. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6045-6053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S321402
38. Oyer JL, Gitto SB, Altomare DA, Copik AJ. PD-L1 blockade enhances anti-tumor efficacy of NK cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7(11):e1509819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2018.1509819
39. Shaver KA, Croom-Perez TJ, Copik AJ. Natural killer cells: The linchpin for successful cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.679117
40. Lin M, Luo H, Liang S, Chen J, Liu A, Niu L, Jiang Y. Pembrolizumab plus allogeneic NK cells in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Invest 2020; 130(5):2560-2569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI132712
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How to Cite
Boyd, R. (2022). On the Immunotherapy for Tumors. Science Insights, 41(3), 611–617. https://doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re074
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