Legal Guarantee and Governmental Responsibility in Chinese Preschool Education Development: Roles of the Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China
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Published
Nov 27, 2023
Abstract
The Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft) is instituted in response to issues arising in the development of Chinese preschool education, such as a lack of explicit definitions of governmental responsibility, incomplete regulation mechanisms, and insufficient general accessibility of preschool services. This article focuses on discussing the law’s significance for building a preschool education system that aims to provide pre-primary service as a public good and is under stringent regulation at all levels of government.
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Keywords
Preschool Education, Preschool Education Law, Legal Guarantee, China
References
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Ding, J. & Pang, L. (2010). Social system transformation and Re-definition of preschool education. Studies in Preschool Education, 2010(3):3-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2010.03.014
Fan, M. & Pang, L. (2013). Main issues, challenges, and reform orientations of China’s preschool education management system. Studies in Preschool Education, 2013(6):3-7+48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2013.06.002
Feng, X. & Zhou, J. (2011). Building National Wealth: A brief account of the UNESCO’s first World Conference on Early Childhood Care and Education. Studies in Preschool Education, 2011(1):20-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sece.2011.01.006
Guo, X. (2013). Social system transformation and re-defining preschool education. Journal of Changjiang University (Social Sciences Edition), 2013(3):158-159. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdq1Ow-CGJHvfddtdwXsXnCUxlNYwWjHKERPcEKwE60Jh7A1nxmQ_BCqlOI8H0lPE-0YsQ9B0kyR7qMi2RzY_YXWLHqoZO3XO1dOVBuOEX5x5a6hA7GZuhfc&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
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Hong, X. & Pang, L. (2009). Institutional guarantee and governmental responsibility for the development of preschool education. Studies in Preschool Education, 2009(1):3-6. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdobePCro_GxqxaK1KxuXZJYUBmCLZUSyE6cLL8CJAzAFZgJTSSwI6LnF6pnEUL5tued7G1qegtRPqsh_Tz-oKIcOuA4OcHI2SvxJlb8pyBuGAhSCtsdgZO&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
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Li, Z. (2011). Issues with kindergarten charges and countermeasures. Market Economy and Price, 2011(12):20-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13814/j.cnki.scjjyjg.2011.12.03
Lin, N. (2015). Issues with Rural Preschool Education and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Hebei Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201602&filename=1016029825.nh
Liu, P. (2019). The construction of the legal framework of preschool education in China: From the perspective of the function of fundamental rights. Journal of Education Science of Hunan Normal University, 2019(1):19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19503/j.cnki.1671-6124.2019.01.004
Ma, F. (2022, April 26). Promoting normative and scientific preschool education. Democratic and Law Times. P.003. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdrCWJFsQQg863l-uMe3VNRXAeDuIxAi29cMlpDiEvm2JMn8MXnyV7M5e6nsAcykLpHIH8rONuli3EAmGVCbj78F_U4fVAHRB0tRO1PMapHtuqiBl0FyHxW0dikUaBwcIHc=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
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Ministry of Education of China. (2011). Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, and Ministry of Finance on the Issuance of the “Interim Measures for the Management of Kindergarten Fees.” Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/moe_1777/moe_1779/201201/t20120117_129509.html
Ministry of Education of China. (2023). Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft). Available at: http://www.mbxq.org.cn/u/2023090320212373499.pdf
National Education Commission of China. (1997). Opinions on the Development Goals of National Early Childhood Education during the Ninth Five-year Plan Period. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9U65J-ADU4rou3PlcT4yvBxsJM8GhiBPfYhIGRysoYLxMwzQoosVrevH6CIWCGmwLTX38Zpk_3CaCWpnfAOsh5GdiETEhhziM2YGY15kTCaiCJlkcnk3VYAb7TPCtORx&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Neuman, S. (2011). Reform of Preschool Education and National Anti-Poverty Strategy: The Experience of the United States (Chinese Translation). Beijing: Education Science Publishing House.
OECD. (2010). Early Childhood Education and Care Policy - Country Studies. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/school/ecec-country-studies.htm
Pu, X. (2023, August 29). Making the government assume more responsibility for preschool education. Legal Daily. p.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28241/n.cnki.nfzrb.2023.004884
Shi, H. (2022). The conception of equitable and quality preschool education and implementation strategies. Journal of Shan’xi Preschool Teachers University, 2022(7):22-29. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdqfJgkSqWasnavdeuKFoBetho1U3MCq7D58o5Nm99M0l-5Mw2hZ2RTqG7YvjFufCu19cEA9lePv3b6fiY4ws7zPAVCzkFtfUgTR57PGugjanhPsbClfXq737BncxiA0T4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
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Bulletins of the State Council of China, 1987(26):863-865. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9U65J-ADU4q9n0vUsvVlQFpWLhWWytM-6KGxl_UGzo9nNce0nCfvbR1Q8s3a18RQEw0tKzsCBFOylMvBymQ-bAclrDIwls8BONfEbPyUxM1TW7Wpcyuppe9UUdYUoyjAA0ngvAyl9MY=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
State Council of China. (2020). Announcement of the Ministry of Education on soliciting public opinions on Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft). Available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-09/07/content_5541349.htm
State Council of China. (2023). “Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft)” approved at an executive meeting of the State Council presided by Premiere Li Qiang. Children and Health, 2023(7):9. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=wgPKIBh6aVnWuD9zfeBbkdEJ7CYlDZwK6ORgyArXRqHddHUUFaoKcaJ9_wdqf9P6FMI9Ywye82552IhzoF1L8WBU0RZI3CCBSfMfh_70mMUUdNYWu8HePzjv8a9Z_xxw3OLU4hEnZ6U=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Sun, K. (2021). Generally Affordable Private Preschool Education in China under the Background of the Legislation of Preschool Education Law (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD202202&filename=1021607918.nh
UNESCO. (2006a). Brazil: Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programmes. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001471/147160e.pdf.2009-11-29
UNESCO. (2009b). Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001491/149142e.pdf
Wang, G., Shi, J., Wang, Y., Le, J., Tao, W., Zhang, W… & Sun, M. (2016). Intervention of capital investment in education: Is money or “wolves” coming. Future Educationalists, 2016(Z1): 96-105. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdrgOFj5oZnzlYdAk4Y7xNjfWsMlcuurZICIbmDuAGSkGk3MLAG2e6rU89Fer4yWeRoVmhOLwWEUfSAtY7UHRAuOaPAPBQ9kXCs2pCXbNA9llL5pmUO68vWeVGLQIPTWzc4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Wang, W. (2014). The evolution of educational goals in the three preschool education curriculum programs since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Contemporary Teaching and Research, 2014(4):6-7. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdpvPFe8NX3av-SkNLtyDNf_PPUIOI6fK52llAx9hqScQSDOUI448ttcswkgG_RbbS4cw2OkLXWmuDxJ8Lgm5olJP4sjZLg5shpsoFoVQgCrF9ZjglgGhJdzrl8LWnw9Ems=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Wu, S. (1989). La Chalotais and his Essay on National Education. Journal of Beijing Normal University, 1989(4):20-26+36. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdq6zP2xZjsC0N47Gls3_41Nb9qbYFNYS-42JnAKKeQF6vfbf9stomtFeZSnzavAEqz4WPYuNexfMkG8XIDkZOoqulNRJjKlDI904KwzMdxJPmOubp-ew-&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yang, D., Xia, J. & Zhang, F. (2010). Developing public institution-dominated preschool education to promote universalized and equitable pre-primary education: Experiences of major countries and territories around the world in the reform of the preschool education system. Research in Educational Development, 2010(24):25-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2010.24.013
Yang, T. & Wu, Z. (2020). Pathways to successful development of preschool education in the context of lifelong education: Observations on “Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft).” Modern Distance Education, 2020(5):18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13927/j.cnki.yuan.20201119.002
Zhan, Z. & Li, S. (2019). Legislation of preschool education in China: Legalizing educational policies. Journal of Shan’xi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2019(1):45-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15983/j.cnki.sxss.2019.0133
Zhang, Z. (2022). The evolution of preschool education policies in China: 1978-2019. Journal of Educational Development, 2022(11):39-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16215/j.cnki.cn44-1371/g4.2022.11.009
Ding, J. & Pang, L. (2010). Social system transformation and Re-definition of preschool education. Studies in Preschool Education, 2010(3):3-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2010.03.014
Fan, M. & Pang, L. (2013). Main issues, challenges, and reform orientations of China’s preschool education management system. Studies in Preschool Education, 2013(6):3-7+48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sec.2013.06.002
Feng, X. & Zhou, J. (2011). Building National Wealth: A brief account of the UNESCO’s first World Conference on Early Childhood Care and Education. Studies in Preschool Education, 2011(1):20-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sece.2011.01.006
Guo, X. (2013). Social system transformation and re-defining preschool education. Journal of Changjiang University (Social Sciences Edition), 2013(3):158-159. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdq1Ow-CGJHvfddtdwXsXnCUxlNYwWjHKERPcEKwE60Jh7A1nxmQ_BCqlOI8H0lPE-0YsQ9B0kyR7qMi2RzY_YXWLHqoZO3XO1dOVBuOEX5x5a6hA7GZuhfc&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
He, F. (2012). Governmental Responsibility for Preschool Education (doctoral dissertation). Nanjing Normal University. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CDFDLAST2016&filename=1015668321.nh
Hong, X. & Pang, L. (2009). Institutional guarantee and governmental responsibility for the development of preschool education. Studies in Preschool Education, 2009(1):3-6. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdobePCro_GxqxaK1KxuXZJYUBmCLZUSyE6cLL8CJAzAFZgJTSSwI6LnF6pnEUL5tued7G1qegtRPqsh_Tz-oKIcOuA4OcHI2SvxJlb8pyBuGAhSCtsdgZO&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Hou, Q. (2018). Legislative Plan of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress. Xinhua News Agency. Available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-09/08/c_1123397570.htm?Baike
Li, Z. (2011). Issues with kindergarten charges and countermeasures. Market Economy and Price, 2011(12):20-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13814/j.cnki.scjjyjg.2011.12.03
Lin, N. (2015). Issues with Rural Preschool Education and Countermeasures (master’s thesis). Hebei Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201602&filename=1016029825.nh
Liu, P. (2019). The construction of the legal framework of preschool education in China: From the perspective of the function of fundamental rights. Journal of Education Science of Hunan Normal University, 2019(1):19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19503/j.cnki.1671-6124.2019.01.004
Ma, F. (2022, April 26). Promoting normative and scientific preschool education. Democratic and Law Times. P.003. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdrCWJFsQQg863l-uMe3VNRXAeDuIxAi29cMlpDiEvm2JMn8MXnyV7M5e6nsAcykLpHIH8rONuli3EAmGVCbj78F_U4fVAHRB0tRO1PMapHtuqiBl0FyHxW0dikUaBwcIHc=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Ministry of Education of China. (1952). Provisional Regulations for Kindergartens (Draft). Shanxi Politics, 1952(7):108-114. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdoFFTx746CMfMQfllusU1M4BbOO7STHL58iYceOLewVExa-SL1VBkgYpDnbOgxtPsFG_IsKUW1nFSSLAIHIXlH9JWv2-GI3hAObVqd_KEhbPa5EPTGpHGJyubY5NcViQ=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Ministry of Education of China. (1991). Opinions on Improving and Strengthening the Management of Pre-primary Classes. Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A06/s3327/199106/t19910617_81990.html
Ministry of Education of China. (2011). Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, and Ministry of Finance on the Issuance of the “Interim Measures for the Management of Kindergarten Fees.” Available at: http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/moe_1777/moe_1779/201201/t20120117_129509.html
Ministry of Education of China. (2023). Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft). Available at: http://www.mbxq.org.cn/u/2023090320212373499.pdf
National Education Commission of China. (1997). Opinions on the Development Goals of National Early Childhood Education during the Ninth Five-year Plan Period. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9U65J-ADU4rou3PlcT4yvBxsJM8GhiBPfYhIGRysoYLxMwzQoosVrevH6CIWCGmwLTX38Zpk_3CaCWpnfAOsh5GdiETEhhziM2YGY15kTCaiCJlkcnk3VYAb7TPCtORx&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Neuman, S. (2011). Reform of Preschool Education and National Anti-Poverty Strategy: The Experience of the United States (Chinese Translation). Beijing: Education Science Publishing House.
OECD. (2010). Early Childhood Education and Care Policy - Country Studies. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/school/ecec-country-studies.htm
Pu, X. (2023, August 29). Making the government assume more responsibility for preschool education. Legal Daily. p.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28241/n.cnki.nfzrb.2023.004884
Shi, H. (2022). The conception of equitable and quality preschool education and implementation strategies. Journal of Shan’xi Preschool Teachers University, 2022(7):22-29. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdqfJgkSqWasnavdeuKFoBetho1U3MCq7D58o5Nm99M0l-5Mw2hZ2RTqG7YvjFufCu19cEA9lePv3b6fiY4ws7zPAVCzkFtfUgTR57PGugjanhPsbClfXq737BncxiA0T4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
State Council of China. (1987). Notice of the State Council’s General Office on Circulating the Request of the National Education Commission and Other Departments on Clarifying the Division of Responsibility for Leadership and Management of Early Childhood Education.
Bulletins of the State Council of China, 1987(26):863-865. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=9U65J-ADU4q9n0vUsvVlQFpWLhWWytM-6KGxl_UGzo9nNce0nCfvbR1Q8s3a18RQEw0tKzsCBFOylMvBymQ-bAclrDIwls8BONfEbPyUxM1TW7Wpcyuppe9UUdYUoyjAA0ngvAyl9MY=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
State Council of China. (2020). Announcement of the Ministry of Education on soliciting public opinions on Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft). Available at: https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-09/07/content_5541349.htm
State Council of China. (2023). “Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft)” approved at an executive meeting of the State Council presided by Premiere Li Qiang. Children and Health, 2023(7):9. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=wgPKIBh6aVnWuD9zfeBbkdEJ7CYlDZwK6ORgyArXRqHddHUUFaoKcaJ9_wdqf9P6FMI9Ywye82552IhzoF1L8WBU0RZI3CCBSfMfh_70mMUUdNYWu8HePzjv8a9Z_xxw3OLU4hEnZ6U=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Sun, K. (2021). Generally Affordable Private Preschool Education in China under the Background of the Legislation of Preschool Education Law (master’s thesis). East China Normal University. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD202202&filename=1021607918.nh
UNESCO. (2006a). Brazil: Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programmes. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001471/147160e.pdf.2009-11-29
UNESCO. (2009b). Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001491/149142e.pdf
Wang, G., Shi, J., Wang, Y., Le, J., Tao, W., Zhang, W… & Sun, M. (2016). Intervention of capital investment in education: Is money or “wolves” coming. Future Educationalists, 2016(Z1): 96-105. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdrgOFj5oZnzlYdAk4Y7xNjfWsMlcuurZICIbmDuAGSkGk3MLAG2e6rU89Fer4yWeRoVmhOLwWEUfSAtY7UHRAuOaPAPBQ9kXCs2pCXbNA9llL5pmUO68vWeVGLQIPTWzc4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Wang, W. (2014). The evolution of educational goals in the three preschool education curriculum programs since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Contemporary Teaching and Research, 2014(4):6-7. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdpvPFe8NX3av-SkNLtyDNf_PPUIOI6fK52llAx9hqScQSDOUI448ttcswkgG_RbbS4cw2OkLXWmuDxJ8Lgm5olJP4sjZLg5shpsoFoVQgCrF9ZjglgGhJdzrl8LWnw9Ems=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Wu, S. (1989). La Chalotais and his Essay on National Education. Journal of Beijing Normal University, 1989(4):20-26+36. Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=mFW-2yKNQdq6zP2xZjsC0N47Gls3_41Nb9qbYFNYS-42JnAKKeQF6vfbf9stomtFeZSnzavAEqz4WPYuNexfMkG8XIDkZOoqulNRJjKlDI904KwzMdxJPmOubp-ew-&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
Yang, D., Xia, J. & Zhang, F. (2010). Developing public institution-dominated preschool education to promote universalized and equitable pre-primary education: Experiences of major countries and territories around the world in the reform of the preschool education system. Research in Educational Development, 2010(24):25-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14121/j.cnki.1008-3855.2010.24.013
Yang, T. & Wu, Z. (2020). Pathways to successful development of preschool education in the context of lifelong education: Observations on “Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft).” Modern Distance Education, 2020(5):18-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13927/j.cnki.yuan.20201119.002
Zhan, Z. & Li, S. (2019). Legislation of preschool education in China: Legalizing educational policies. Journal of Shan’xi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2019(1):45-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15983/j.cnki.sxss.2019.0133
Zhang, Z. (2022). The evolution of preschool education policies in China: 1978-2019. Journal of Educational Development, 2022(11):39-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16215/j.cnki.cn44-1371/g4.2022.11.009
How to Cite
Li, Y. (2023). Legal Guarantee and Governmental Responsibility in Chinese Preschool Education Development: Roles of the Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 19(1), 3033–3047. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.23.re305
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